Editing Pennsylvania (section)

==Demographics==
{{Further|List of people from Pennsylvania}}
{{US Census population
| 1790 = 434373
| 1800 = 602365
| 1810 = 810091
| 1820 = 1049458
| 1830 = 1348233
| 1840 = 1724033
| 1850 = 2311786
| 1860 = 2906215
| 1870 = 3521951
| 1880 = 4282891
| 1890 = 5258113
| 1900 = 6302115
| 1910 = 7665111
| 1920 = 8720017
| 1930 = 9631350
| 1940 = 9900180
| 1950 = 10498012
| 1960 = 11319366
| 1970 = 11793909
| 1980 = 11863895
| 1990 = 11881643
| 2000 = 12281054
| 2010 = 12702379
| 2020 = 13002700
| estyear = 2024
| estimate = 13078751
| estref = <ref name=PennsylvaniaQuickFacts/>
| footnote = Source: 1910–2020<ref>{{cite web |title=Historical Population Change Data (1910–2020) |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |website=Census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 1, 2021 |archive-date=April 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429012609/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
}}
[[File:Pennsylvania population density 2020.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Pennsylvania population density map]]

As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 U.S. census]], Pennsylvania had a population of 13,011,844, up from 12,702,379 in 2010. Pennsylvania is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by population|fifth-most populated state]] in the U.S. after [[California]], [[Texas]], [[Florida]], and [[New York (state)|New York]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Data |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data.html |access-date=December 22, 2022 |website=[[United States Census Bureau]] }}</ref> In 2019, net [[Human migration|migration]] to other states resulted in a decrease of 27,718, and [[Immigration to the United States|immigration]] from other countries resulted in an increase of 127,007. Net migration to Pennsylvania was 98,289. Migration of native Pennsylvanians resulted in a decrease of 100,000 people. 7.2% of the population was foreign-born as of 2021.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/42000.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065329/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/42000.html |archive-date=October 6, 2014 |title=Pennsylvania United States Census Bureau |access-date=June 1, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://data.census.gov/profile/Pennsylvania?g=040XX00US42#populations-and-people Pennsylvania QuickFacts]. Accessed July 12, 2023</ref> Pennsylvania's [[center of population]] is in [[Duncannon, Pennsylvania|Duncannon]] in [[Perry County, Pennsylvania|Perry County]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Population and Population Centers by State—2000 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=December 3, 2008 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20080918020344/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt |archive-date=September 18, 2008 }}</ref>

According to the [[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development|U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development]]'s 2022 [[Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress|Annual Homeless Assessment Report]], there were an estimated 12,691 [[Homelessness|homeless]] people in Pennsylvania.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2007–2022 PIT Counts by State |url=https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huduser.gov%2Fportal%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fxls%2F2007-2022-PIT-Counts-by-State.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The 2022 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress |url=https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf}}</ref>

===Place of origin===
Among Pennsylvania residents, as of 2020, nearly three out of four, 74.5%, are native to the state and were born in Pennsylvania, 18.4% were born in a different U.S. state, 1.5% were born in [[Puerto Rico]], U.S. Island areas, or born abroad to American parent(s), and 5.6% were foreign born.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_SF4/DP02/0400000US42|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212102855/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_SF4/DP02/0400000US42|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 12, 2020|title=American FactFinder—Results|access-date=October 7, 2014}}</ref> Foreign-born Pennsylvanians are largely from Asia (36.0%), Europe (35.9%), and Latin America (30.6%) with the remainder from Africa (5%), North America (3.1%), and Oceania (0.4%). The state's largest ancestry groups, expressed as a percentage of total people who responded with a particular ancestry for the 2010 census, were [[German Americans|German]] 28.5%, [[Irish Americans|Irish]] 18.2%, [[Italian Americans|Italian]] 12.8%, [[African Americans]] 9.6%, [[English Americans|English]] 8.5%, [[Polish Americans|Polish]] 7.2%, and [[French Americans|French]] 4.2%.<ref>{{cite web |author=American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/08_3YR/DP3YR2/0400000US42 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212083238/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/08_3YR/DP3YR2/0400000US42 |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 12, 2020 |title=American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates |publisher=Factfinder.census.gov |access-date=July 31, 2010 }}</ref><ref name="census">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-04.pdf |title=Puerto Ricans in Pennsylvania |access-date=November 8, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127044304/https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-04.pdf |archive-date=January 27, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 2018, the top countries of origin for Pennsylvania's immigrants were [[India]], the [[Dominican Republic]], [[China]], [[Mexico]], and [[Vietnam]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_pennsylvania.pdf|title=Immigrants in Pennsylvania}}</ref>

===Race and ethnicity===
[[File:Ethnic Origins in Pennsylvania.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Ethnic origins of Pennsylvanians]]
The vast majority of Pennsylvania's population is made up of whites, blacks and Hispanics, with the latter two being minorities and having significant populations. Non-Hispanic Whites make up the majority of Pennsylvania; they are mostly descended from German, Irish, Scottish, Welsh, Italian, and English immigrants. Rural portions of South Central Pennsylvania are recognized nationally for their [[Amish#Population and distribution|Amish communities]]. [[Wyoming Valley]], including [[Scranton, Pennsylvania|Scranton]] and [[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania|Wilkes-Barre]], has the highest percentage of white residents of any metropolitan area with a population of 500,000 or above in the U.S.; in Wyoming Valley, 96.2% of the population claim to be white with no Hispanic background. The state's Hispanic or Latino American population grew by 82.6% between 2000 and 2010, marking one of the largest increases in a state's Hispanic population. The significant growth of the Hispanic or Latino population is due to migration to the state mainly from [[Puerto Rico]], a U.S. territory, and to a lesser extent immigration from countries such as the [[Dominican Republic]], [[Mexico]], and various [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]]n nations and a wave of Hispanic and Latinos leaving [[New York City]] and [[New Jersey]] for more affordable living.{{cn|date=September 2024}}

[[Romani people]] have been present in the state since the mid-1800s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://paheritage.wpengine.com/article/lycoming-county-romani-pennsylvania/|title=Romani in Pennsylvania|website=Pennsylvania Heritage Magazine}}</ref>


The majority of Hispanic or Latino Americans in Pennsylvania are of [[Puerto Rican American|Puerto Rican]] descent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_DP05&prodType=table|title=American FactFinder—Results|author=Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS)|website=census.gov|access-date=June 6, 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212213801/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_DP05&prodType=table|archive-date=February 12, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://content.usatoday.com/dist/custom/gci/InsidePage.aspx?cId=thedailyjournal&sParam=53490820.story |title=The Daily Journal—Puerto Rico's population exodus is all about jobs |website=USA Today |access-date=June 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016022940/http://content.usatoday.com/dist/custom/gci/InsidePage.aspx?cId=thedailyjournal&sParam=53490820.story|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=dead|author-first1=Haya|author-last1=El Nasser}}</ref> Most of the remaining Hispanic or Latino population is made up of [[Mexican American|Mexicans]] and [[Dominican American|Dominicans]], and the majority of Hispanics and Latinos are concentrated in Philadelphia, the [[Lehigh Valley]], and South Central Pennsylvania.<ref name="annest">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/asrh/2004/tables/SC-EST2004-03-42.xls |title=Annual Estimates of the Population |access-date=July 31, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120132138/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/asrh/2004/tables/SC-EST2004-03-42.xls |archive-date=January 20, 2013 }}</ref> The Hispanic or Latino population is greatest in [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania|Bethlehem]], [[Allentown, Pennsylvania|Allentown]], [[Reading, Pennsylvania|Reading]], [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania|Lancaster]], [[York, Pennsylvania|York]], and around Philadelphia. As of 2010, the vast majority of Hispanics and Latino Americans in Pennsylvania, about 85%, live within a {{convert|150|mi|km|adj=mid}} radius of Philadelphia, and about 20% live in the city itself.

The Asian population swelled by almost 60%, mostly Indian, Vietnamese, and Chinese immigrants, and many Asians moving to [[Philadelphia]] from New York City. The rapid growth of this community has given Pennsylvania one of the largest Asian populations in the nation. The African American population grew by 13%, which was the largest increase in that population among the state's peers of [[New York (state)|New York]], [[New Jersey]], [[Ohio]], [[Illinois]], and [[Michigan]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/ |title=2010 Census Data—2010 Census |publisher=2010.census.gov |access-date=July 7, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706203009/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/ |archive-date=July 6, 2011 }}</ref> Pennsylvania has a high in-migration of black and Hispanic people from other nearby states with the eastern and south-central portions of the state seeing the bulk of the increases.<ref name="pasdc.hbg.psu.edu">{{cite web |url=https://pasdc.hbg.psu.edu/sdc/pasdc_files/researchbriefs/2010_Census_PL94_Release_RB_FINAL.pdf |title=Research Brief : The Commonwealth's Official Source for Population and Economic Statistics |date=March 9, 2011 |website=Pasdc.hbg.psu.edu |access-date=June 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304215817/https://pasdc.hbg.psu.edu/sdc/pasdc_files/researchbriefs/2010_Census_PL94_Release_RB_FINAL.pdf |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://centropr.hunter.cuny.edu/research/datacenter/puerto-ricans-leave-ny-report-tells-where-they-go |title=Puerto Ricans Leave N.Y. Report Tells Where They Go—Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños |website=cuny.edu |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722032407/http://centropr.hunter.cuny.edu/research/datacenter/puerto-ricans-leave-ny-report-tells-where-they-go |archive-date=July 22, 2015|access-date=June 5, 2015}}</ref>

Among the state's black population, the vast majority in the state are African American. There are also a growing number of black residents of [[West Indian American|West Indian]], [[African immigration to the United States|recent African]], and [[Black Hispanic|Hispanic or Latino]] origins.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_1YR_B04003&prodType=table |title=American FactFinder—Results |author=Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS) |website=census.gov|access-date=June 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212212204/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_1YR_B04003&prodType=table |archive-date=February 12, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> Most Blacks live in the Philadelphia area, Pittsburgh, or South Central Pennsylvania.{{cn|date=September 2024}} Additionally, in 2020, 31,052 identified as being Native American alone, and 158,112 did in combination with one or more other races.<ref name="visualCensus">{{Cite web |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" ; text-align:right; font-size:80%;"
|+ style="font-size:90%" |Racial and ethnic composition as of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]
|-
! Race and ethnicity<ref name="visualCensus" />
! colspan="2" data-sort-type="number" |Alone
! colspan="2" data-sort-type="number" |Total
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic whites|White (non-Hispanic)]]
|align=right| {{bartable|73.4|%|2||background:gray}}
|align=right| {{bartable|76.6|%|2||background:gray}}
|-
| [[African Americans|African American (non-Hispanic)]]
|align=right| {{bartable|10.5|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|align=right| {{bartable|11.8|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]]{{efn|Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry.}}
|align=right| {{bartable}}
|align=right| {{bartable|8.1|%|2||background:green}}
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]]
|align=right| {{bartable|3.9|%|2||background:purple}}
|align=right| {{bartable|4.5|%|2||background:purple}}
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]]
|align=right| {{bartable|0.1|%|2||background:gold}}
|align=right| {{bartable|1.1|%|2||background:gold}}
|-
| [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]]
|align=right| {{bartable|0.02|%|2||background:pink}}
|align=right| {{bartable|0.1|%|2||background:pink}}
|-
| Other
|align=right| {{bartable|0.4|%|2||background:brown}}
|align=right| {{bartable|1.3|%|2||background:brown}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|+ '''Historical racial and ethnic composition to 2020'''
|-
! Racial and ethnic composition !! 1990<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725044857/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html 
|url-status=dead |archive-date=July 25, 2008 |title=Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States |publisher=Census.gov |access-date=May 4, 2014 }}</ref> !! 2000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://censusviewer.com/city/PA |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140111024022/http://censusviewer.com/city/PA|url-status=dead|title=censusviewer.com|date=January 11, 2014 |archive-date=January 11, 2014}}</ref>!! 2010<ref>{{cite web  |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.2010.html |title=2010 Census Data |publisher=Census.gov |access-date=May 4, 2014 }}</ref>!! 2020<ref name="2020DP1">{{Cite web |url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDP2020.DP1?g=040XX00US42 |title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2020 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Pennsylvania |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=April 16, 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[White Americans|White]] || 88.5% || 85.4% || 81.9% || 75.0%
|-
| [[African Americans|Black]] || 9.2% || 10.0% || 10.9% || 10.9%
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]] || 1.2% || 1.8% || 2.8% || 3.9%
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Native]] || 0.1% || 0.1% || 0.2% || 0.2%
|-
| [[Native Hawaiians]] and<br />[[Pacific Islander|other Pacific Islanders]] || – || – || – || –
|-
| [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] || 1.0% || 1.5% || 2.4% || 3.9%
|-
| [[Multiracial Americans|Two or more races]] || – || 1.2% || 1.9% || 6.0%
|}

===Birth data===
''Note: data for births of [[White Hispanic and Latino Americans|White Hispanic]] origin have not been collected, but included in one ''Hispanic'' group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.''
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left;"
|+ class="nowrap"|Live Births by Single Race/Ethnicity of Mother
|-
! [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|Race]]
! 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_01.pdf|title=Statistics|website=cdc.gov|access-date=June 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911162514/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_01.pdf|archive-date=September 11, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
! 2014<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12.pdf|title=Statistics|website=cdc.gov|access-date=June 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214040341/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12.pdf|archive-date=February 14, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
! 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_01.pdf|title=Statistics|website=cdc.gov|access-date=June 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831155911/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_01.pdf|archive-date=August 31, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
! 2016<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf |title=National Vital Statistics Reports Volume 67, Number 1, January 31, 2018 |access-date=July 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603002249/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf |archive-date=June 3, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 2017<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf |title=Births: Final Data for 2017 |access-date=February 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201210916/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf |archive-date=February 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 2018<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_13-508.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=December 21, 2019}}</ref>
! 2019<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-02-508.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=April 1, 2021}}</ref>
! 2020<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-17.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=February 20, 2022}}</ref>
! 2021<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr72/nvsr72-01.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=February 3, 2022}}</ref>
! 2022<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr73/nvsr73-02.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=April 5, 2024}}</ref>
! 2023<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr74/nvsr74-1.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=April 15, 2025}}</ref>
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic whites|White]]
| 98,751 (70.0%)
| 99,306 (69.8%)
| 97,845 (69.4%)
| 94,520 (67.8%)
| 92,297 (67.0%)
| 90,862 (67.0%)
| 88,710 (66.1%)
| 85,956 (65.8%)
| 88,168 (66.5%)
| 85,031 (65.3%)
| 82,284 (64.8%)
|-
| [[African Americans|Black]]
| 24,770 (17.6%)
| 24,024 (16.9%)
| 24,100 (17.1%)
| 18,338 (13.1%)
| 18,400 (13.4%)
| 17,779 (13.1%)
| 17,585 (13.1%)
| 17,118 (13.1%)
| 16,748 (12.6%)
| 16,616 (12.8%)
| 15,766 (12.4%)
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]]
| 6,721 (4.7%)
| 7,067 (5.0%)
| 6,961 (4.9%)
| 6,466 (4.6%)
| 6,401 (4.6%)
| 6,207 (4.6%)
| 6,214 (4.6%)
| 6,074 (4.6%)
| 5,980 (4.5%)
| 6,212 (4.8%)
| 6,028 (4.7%)
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]]
| 423 (0.3%)
| 368 (0.3%)
| 390 (0.3%)
| 86 (0.1%)
| 135 (0.1%)
| 128 (0.1%)
| 119 (0.1%)
| 83 (>0.1%)
| 88 (>0.1%)
| 162 (0.1%)
| 141 (0.1%)
|-
| ''[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]]'' (any race)
| ''14,163'' (10.1%)
| ''14,496'' (10.2%)
| ''14,950'' (10.6%)
| ''15,348'' (11.0%)
| ''15,840'' (11.5%)
| ''15,826'' (11.7%)
| ''16,718'' (12.5%)
| ''16,741'' (12.8%)
| ''17,163'' (12.9%)
| ''18,118'' (13.9%)
| ''18,505'' (14.6%)
|-
| '''Total'''
| '''140,921''' (100%)
| '''142,268''' (100%)
| '''141,047''' (100%)
| '''139,409''' (100%)
| '''137,745''' (100%)
| '''135,673''' (100%)
| '''134,230''' (100%)
| '''130,693''' (100%)
| '''132,622''' (100%)
| '''130,252''' (100%)
| '''126,951''' (100%)
|}

===Age and poverty===
As of the 2010 census, Pennsylvania had the fourth-highest proportion of elderly (65+) citizens in the nation at 15.4%, compared to a national average of 13.0%.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |title=Table 16: Resident Population by Age and State: 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2011/compendia/statab/131ed/population.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=April 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426204152/https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2011/compendia/statab/131ed/population.html |archive-date=April 26, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> According to U.S. Census Bureau estimates, the state's poverty rate was 12.5% in 2017 compared to 13.4% for the U.S. as a whole.<ref>{{cite web |title=Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates |url=https://www.census.gov/data-tools/demo/saipe/saipe.html?s_appName=saipe&map_yearSelector=2017&map_geoSelector=aa_c&s_state=42&menu=grid_proxy |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=April 26, 2019}}</ref>

===Languages===
[[File:Lancaster County Amish 03.jpg|thumb|An [[Amish]] family riding in a traditional [[Amish buggy]] in [[Lancaster County, Pennsylvania|Lancaster County]]. As of 2024, Pennsylvania has an Amish population of 92,660, the [[List of U.S. states by Amish population|largest]] of any state in the nation.]]
As of 2010, 90.2% (10,710,239) of Pennsylvania residents age five and older spoke [[English language|English]] at home as a [[primary language]] while 4.1% (486,058) spoke [[Spanish language|Spanish]], 0.9% (103,502) spoke [[German language|German]], including [[Pennsylvania Dutch language|Pennsylvania Dutch]], and 0.5% (56,052) spoke [[Chinese language|Chinese]], including [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin]]. In total, 9.9% (1,170,628) of Pennsylvania's population age{{nbsp}}5 and older spoke a [[mother tongue]] other than English.<ref name="MLA Data">{{cite web|url=http://www.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_results |title=Pennsylvania |publisher=[[Modern Language Association]] |access-date=August 12, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619224705/http://www.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_results |archive-date=June 19, 2006 }}</ref>

====Pennsylvania Dutch language====
{{Main|Pennsylvania Dutch language}}
[[Pennsylvania Dutch]] is a descendant of the [[West Central German]] dialect family and is closest to [[Palatine German language|Palatine German]]. Pennsylvania Dutch is still very vigorous as a first language among [[Amish|Old Order Amish]] and [[Old Order Mennonite]]s, principally in the [[Lancaster County, Pennsylvania|Lancaster County]] and [[Berks County, Pennsylvania|Berks County]] areas; it is almost extinct as an everyday language outside the [[Plain people|plain communities]], though a few words have passed into English usage.

===Religion===
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religious self-identification in Pennsylvania (April 2023 ''[[Franklin & Marshall College]]'' poll)<ref name="religion" />
| label1 = [[Irreligion in the United States|Unaffiliated]]
| value1 = 32
| color1 = White
| label2 = [[Protestantism in the United States|Protestantism]]
| value2 = 29
| color2 = DarkBlue
| label3 = [[Catholic Church in the United States|Catholicism]] 
| value3 = 24
| color3 = Purple
| label4 = Other
| value4 = 14
| color4 = Teal}}

Of the original [[Thirteen Colonies]], Pennsylvania and [[Rhode Island]] had the most religious freedom.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cip.cornell.edu/Dienst/UI/1.0/Summarize/psu.ph/1134140590 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070220060046/http://cip.cornell.edu/Dienst/UI/1.0/Summarize/psu.ph/1134140590|url-status=dead |title=Religious diversity in Pennsylvania |archive-date=February 20, 2007}}</ref> [[Voltaire]], writing of [[William Penn]] in 1733, observed: "The new sovereign also enacted several wise and wholesome laws for his colony, which have remained invariably the same to this day. The chief is, to ill-treat no person on account of religion, and to consider as brethren all those who believe in one God."<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Voltaire |first=François-Marie ("Voltaire") |last=Arouet |title=Philosophic Letters |date=1733}} Republished in: {{cite book |title=The Works of Voltaire: A Contemporary Version |volume=XXXIX: Short Studies on English and American Topics |page=209 |editor1-first=John |editor1-last=Morley |editor2-first=William F. |editor2-last=Fleming |editor3-first=Tobias |editor3-last=Smollett |date=1901 |location=New York |publisher=E. R. DuMont |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=OdENAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA209 |access-date=August 4, 2015}}</ref> One result of this uncommon freedom was a wide religious [[Multiculturalism|diversity]], which continues to the present.

Pennsylvania's population in 2010 was 12,702,379; of these, 6,838,440 (53.8%) were estimated to belong to some sort of organized religion. According to the [[Association of Religion Data Archives]] (ARDA) at [[Pennsylvania State University]], the largest religious bodies in Pennsylvania by adherents were the [[Catholic Church]] with 3,503,028 adherents, the [[United Methodist Church]] with 591,734 members, and the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]] with 501,974 members. Since 2014, among the state's religious population, 73% were [[Christianity|Christian]], according to [[Pew Research Center]].<ref name="Pew Religion and Politics">{{cite web
  | title = Religious composition of adults in Pennsylvania
  | website = Religious Landscape Study
  | publisher = The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life
  | year = 2017
  | url = http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/state/pennsylvania/
  | access-date = October 5, 2017
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171005201836/http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/state/pennsylvania/
  | archive-date = October 5, 2017
| url-status = live
  }}</ref> In 2020, the [[Public Religion Research Institute]] estimated 68% of the population identified with Christianity.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PRRI – American Values Atlas|url=http://ava.prri.org/#religious/2020/States/religion/m/US-PA|access-date=February 7, 2022|website=ava.prri.org|archive-date=February 21, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221221714/http://ava.prri.org/#religious/2020/States/religion/m/US-PA|url-status=dead}}</ref> As of 2014, 47% of all Pennsylvanians identified as [[Protestantism in the United States|Protestants]], making [[Protestantism]] far and away the most prominent religious affiliation among Pennsylvanians. Among all self-identified Christians in the state, however, 24% identified as [[Catholic Church|Catholics]], the most of any Christian religious affiliation. In April 2023, a ''[[Franklin & Marshall College]]'' poll found that a plurality of Pennsylvania residents were [[Irreligion in the United States|unaffiliated]], with the rest predominately being [[Protestantism|Protestant]] or [[Catholic Church|Catholic]].<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |last=Yost |first=Berwood |date=April 13, 2023 |title=Poll Release: April 2023 |url=https://www.fandmpoll.org/franklin-marshall-college-poll-april-2023/ |access-date=April 13, 2023 |website=Franklin & Marshall College Poll |language=en}}</ref>

Pennsylvania, especially the [[Greater Pittsburgh]] area, has one of the largest communities of [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterians]] in the nation, the third-highest by percentage of population and the largest outright in membership as [[Protestantism|Protestant]] Christians.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thearda.com/ql2010/QL_S_2010_2_1142p.asp|title=Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) States (2010)|author=Association of Religion Data Archives|date=2010|publisher=Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies|access-date=February 4, 2021|archive-date=August 13, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813175310/https://www.thearda.com/ql2010/QL_S_2010_2_1142p.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Presbyterian Church (USA)|American Presbyterian Church]], with about 250,000 members and 1,011 congregations, is the largest Presbyterian denomination, and the [[Presbyterian Church in America]] is also significant, with 112 congregations and approximately 23,000 adherents; the [[Evangelical Presbyterian Church (United States)|EPC]] has around 50 congregations, including the [[Evangelical Covenant Order of Presbyterians|ECO]], according to 2010 estimates. The fourth-largest [[Protestantism|Protestant]] denomination, the [[United Church of Christ]], has 180,000 members and 627 congregations in the state. The [[American Baptist Churches USA]], also referred to as the Northern Baptist Convention is based in [[King of Prussia, Pennsylvania|King of Prussia]].

Pennsylvania was the center state of the [[Evangelical and Reformed Church|German Reformed]] denomination from the 1700s.<ref name="www.thearda.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/42/rcms2010_42_state_adh_2010.asp |title=The Association of Religion Data Archives &#124; State Membership Report |publisher=www.thearda.com |access-date=December 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721175940/http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/42/rcms2010_42_state_adh_2010.asp |archive-date=July 21, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Bethlehem, Pennsylvania|Bethlehem]] is one of the headquarters of the [[Moravian Church]] in the U.S. Pennsylvania also has a very large [[Amish]] population, second only to [[Ohio]] among U.S. states.<ref>{{cite web |author=Webb Design Inc. |url=http://www.visitamishcountry.com/ |title=Amish Country &#124; Ohio &#124; Visitor Information |publisher=Visitamishcountry.com |access-date=July 31, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100220001106/http://www.visitamishcountry.com/ |archive-date=February 20, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 2000, there was a total Amish population of 47,860 in Pennsylvania and an additional 146,416 [[Mennonite]]s and 91,200 [[Schwarzenau Brethren|Brethren]]. The total [[Anabaptism|Anabapist]] population including [[Bruderhof Communities|Bruderhof]] was 232,631, about two percent of the population.<ref>Donald B. Kraybill and C. Nelson Hostetter: ''Anabaptist World USA'', Scottdale, PA and Waterloo, Ontario, 2001, pages 200–201.</ref> While Pennsylvania owes its existence to [[Quakers]], and much of the historic character of Pennsylvania is ideologically rooted in the teachings of the [[Religious Society of Friends]] (as they are officially known), practicing Quakers are a small minority of about 10,000 adherents as of 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thearda.com/ql2010/QL_S_2010_2_1076c.asp |title=Friends General Conference States (2010)—QuickLists—The Association of Religion Data Archives |website=www.thearda.com|access-date=October 28, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029044341/http://www.thearda.com/ql2010/QL_S_2010_2_1076c.asp |archive-date=October 29, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>