Editing Panspermia (section)

=== Origination and distribution of organic molecules: Pseudo-panspermia ===
{{main|Pseudo-panspermia}}

[[Pseudo-panspermia]] is the well-supported hypothesis that many of the small [[Organic compound|organic molecule]]s used for [[life]] originated in space, and were distributed to [[planet]]ary surfaces. Life then emerged on [[Earth]], and [[Extraterrestrial life|perhaps on other planets]], by the processes of [[abiogenesis]].<ref name="Klyce 2001">{{cite web |last=Klyce |first=Brig |date=2001 |title=Panspermia Asks New Questions |url=http://www.panspermia.org/oseti.htm |access-date=25 July 2013}}</ref><ref name="SETI 2001">{{cite book |last1=Klyce |first1=Brig I |title=The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) in the Optical Spectrum III |chapter=Panspermia asks new questions |date=2001 |editor1-last=Kingsley |editor1-first=Stuart A |volume=4273 |pages=11–14  |bibcode=2001SPIE.4273...11K |doi=10.1117/12.435366 |editor2-last=Bhathal |editor2-first=Ragbir |s2cid=122849901}}</ref> Evidence for pseudo-panspermia includes the discovery of organic compounds such as sugars, [[amino acid]]s, and [[nucleobase]]s in meteorites and other extraterrestrial bodies,<ref name="NASA-20191118">{{cite news |last1=Steigerwald |first1=Bill |last2=Jones |first2=Nancy |last3=Furukawa |first3=Yoshihiro |title=First Detection of Sugars in Meteorites Gives Clues to Origin of Life |url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/goddard/2019/sugars-in-meteorites |date=18 November 2019 |work=[[NASA]] |access-date=18 November 2019 }}</ref><ref name="PNAS-20191118">{{cite journal |last=Furukawa |first=Yoshihiro |display-authors=et al. |title=Extraterrestrial ribose and other sugars in primitive meteorites |date=18 November 2019 |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America]] |volume=116 |issue=49 |pages=24440–24445 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1907169116 |pmid=31740594 |pmc=6900709 |bibcode=2019PNAS..11624440F |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Furukawa Chikaraishi Ohkouchi 2019">{{Cite journal |last1=Furukawa |first1=Yoshihiro |last2=Chikaraishi |first2=Yoshito |last3=Ohkouchi |first3=Naohiko |last4=Ogawa |first4=Nanako O. |last5=Glavin |first5=Daniel P. |last6=Dworkin |first6=Jason P. |last7=Abe |first7=Chiaki |last8=Nakamura |first8=Tomoki |display-authors=3 |date=13 November 2019 |title=Extraterrestrial ribose and other sugars in primitive meteorites |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=116 |issue=49 |pages=24440–24445 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1907169116 |pmid=31740594 |bibcode=2019PNAS..11624440F |doi-access=free |pmc=6900709}}</ref><ref name="Martins Botta Fogel 2008">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.epsl.2008.03.026 |title=Extraterrestrial nucleobases in the Murchison meteorite |date=2008 |last1=Martins |first1=Zita |last2=Botta |first2=Oliver |last3=Fogel |first3=Marilyn L. |author-link3=Marilyn Fogel |last4=Sephton |first4=Mark A. |last5=Glavin |first5=Daniel P. |last6=Watson |first6=Jonathan S. |last7=Dworkin |first7=Jason P. |last8=Schwartz |first8=Alan W. |last9=Ehrenfreund |first9=Pascale |display-authors=3 |journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters |volume=270 |issue=1–2 |pages=130–136 |bibcode=2008E&PSL.270..130M |arxiv=0806.2286 |s2cid=14309508 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rivilla |first1=Víctor M. |last2=Jiménez-Serra |first2=Izaskun |last3=Martín-Pintado |first3=Jesús |last4=Colzi |first4=Laura |last5=Tercero |first5=Belén |last6=de Vicente |first6=Pablo |last7=Zeng |first7=Shaoshan |last8=Martín |first8=Sergio |last9=García de la Concepción |first9=Juan |last10=Bizzocchi |first10=Luca |last11=Melosso |first11=Mattia |date=2022 |title=Molecular Precursors of the RNA-World in Space: New Nitriles in the G+0.693−0.027 Molecular Cloud |journal=Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences |volume=9 |page=876870 |doi=10.3389/fspas.2022.876870 |arxiv=2206.01053 |bibcode=2022FrASS...9.6870R |issn=2296-987X|doi-access=free }}</ref> and the formation of similar compounds in the laboratory under outer space conditions.<ref name="NASA-20150303">{{cite web |last=Marlaire |first=Ruth |title=NASA Ames Reproduces the Building Blocks of Life in Laboratory |url=http://www.nasa.gov/content/nasa-ames-reproduces-the-building-blocks-of-life-in-laboratory |date=3 March 2015 |work=[[NASA]] |access-date=5 March 2015 |archive-date=5 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150305083306/http://www.nasa.gov/content/nasa-ames-reproduces-the-building-blocks-of-life-in-laboratory/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Krasnokutski Chuang Jäger 2022">{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/s41550-021-01577-9 |title=A pathway to peptides in space through the condensation of atomic carbon |date=2022 |last1=Krasnokutski |first1=S.A. |last2=Chuang |first2=K. J. |last3=Jäger |first3=C. |last4=Ueberschaar |first4=N. |last5=Henning |first5=Th. |display-authors=3 |journal=Nature Astronomy |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=381–386 |arxiv=2202.12170 |bibcode=2022NatAs...6..381K |s2cid=246768607 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sithamparam |first1=Mahendran |last2=Satthiyasilan |first2=Nirmell |last3=Chen |first3=Chen |last4=Jia |first4=Tony Z. |last5=Chandru |first5=Kuhan |date=2022-02-11 |title=A material-based panspermia hypothesis: The potential of polymer gels and membraneless droplets |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bip.23486 |journal=Biopolymers |volume=113 |issue=5 |pages=e23486 |doi=10.1002/bip.23486 |pmid=35148427 |arxiv=2201.06732 |s2cid=246016331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Comte |first1=Denis |last2=Lavy |first2=Léo |last3=Bertier |first3=Paul |last4=Calvo |first4=Florent |last5=Daniel |first5=Isabelle |last6=Farizon |first6=Bernadette |last7=Farizon |first7=Michel |last8=Märk |first8=Tilmann D. |date=2023-01-26 |title=Glycine Peptide Chain Formation in the Gas Phase via Unimolecular Reactions |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08248 |journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry A |language=en |volume=127 |issue=3 |pages=775–780 |doi=10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08248 |pmid=36630603 |bibcode=2023JPCA..127..775C |s2cid=255748895 |issn=1089-5639}}</ref> A prebiotic polyester system has been explored as an example.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chandru |last2=Mamajanov |last3=Cleaves |last4=Jia |date=2020-01-19 |title=Polyesters as a Model System for Building Primitive Biologies from Non-Biological Prebiotic Chemistry |journal=Life |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=6 |doi=10.3390/life10010006 |pmid=31963928 |pmc=7175156 |bibcode=2020Life...10....6C |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jia |first1=Tony Z. |last2=Chandru |first2=Kuhan |last3=Hongo |first3=Yayoi |last4=Afrin |first4=Rehana |last5=Usui |first5=Tomohiro |last6=Myojo |first6=Kunihiro |last7=Cleaves |first7=H. James |date=2019-08-06 |title=Membraneless polyester microdroplets as primordial compartments at the origins of life |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=116 |issue=32 |pages=15830–15835 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1902336116 |pmc=6690027 |pmid=31332006 |bibcode=2019PNAS..11615830J |doi-access=free }}</ref>
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