Editing Pakistan (section)

=== Role of Islam ===
{{See also|Islam in Pakistan}}
Pakistan, the only country established in the name of Islam,{{sfn|Esposito|2003}} had overwhelming support among Muslims, especially in provinces like the [[United Provinces (1937–50)|United Provinces]], where Muslims were a minority.{{R|Dhulipala-2015-1}} This idea, articulated by the Muslim League, the [[ulama|Islamic clergy]], and Jinnah, envisioned an [[Islamic state]].{{R|Dhulipala-2015-2}} Jinnah, closely associated with the ''ulama'', was described upon his death by [[Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani]] as the greatest Muslim after [[Aurangzeb]], aspiring to unite Muslims worldwide under Islam.{{R|Dhulipala-2015-3}}

The Objectives Resolution of March 1949 marked the initial step towards this goal, affirming God as the sole sovereign.{{R|Hussain-2008-2|Haqqani-2010-1}} Muslim League leader [[Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman]] asserted that Pakistan could only truly become an Islamic state after bringing all believers of Islam into a single political unit.{{R|Dhulipala-2015-4}} Keith Callard observed that Pakistanis believed in the essential unity of purpose and outlook in the Muslim world, expecting similar views on religion and nationality from Muslims worldwide.{{R|Haqqani-2010-2}}

[[File:Eid prayers at the Badshahi Mosque.JPG|thumb|327x327px|[[Eid prayers]] at the [[Badshahi Mosque]] in Lahore]]

Pakistan's desire for a united Islamic bloc, called Islamistan, wasn't supported by other Muslim governments,{{R|Haqqani-2010-3}} though figures like the Grand Mufti of Palestine, [[Amin al-Husseini|Al-Haj Amin al-Husseini]], and leaders of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] were drawn to the country. Pakistan's desire for an international organization of Muslim countries was fulfilled in the 1970s when the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation|Organization of Islamic Conference]] (OIC) was formed.{{R|Haqqani-2010-4}} East Pakistan's Bengali Muslims, opposed to an Islamist state, clashed with West Pakistanis who leaned towards Islamic identity.{{sfn|Haqqani|2010|page=19}}{{R|Cochrane-2009}} The Islamist party [[Jamaat-e-Islami]] backed an Islamic state and opposed [[Bengali nationalism]].{{sfn|Lintner|2002}}

After the 1970 general elections, the Parliament crafted the [[Constitution of Pakistan|1973 Constitution]].{{R|Diamantides-Gearey-2011-1}} It declared Pakistan an Islamic Republic, with Islam as the state religion, and mandated laws to comply with Islamic teachings laid down in the [[Quran]] and [[Sunnah]] and that no law repugnant to such injunctions could be enacted.{{sfn|Iqbal|2009}} Additionally, it established institutions like the Shariat Court and the [[Council of Islamic Ideology]] to interpret and apply Islam.{{R|Diamantides-Gearey-2011-2}}

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto faced opposition under the banner of ''Nizam-e-Mustafa'' ("Rule of the [[Muhammad|Prophet]]"),{{sfn|Nasr|1996}} advocating an Islamic state. Bhutto conceded to some Islamist demands before being ousted in a coup.{{sfn|Kepel|2006}}

General Zia-ul-Haq, after seizing power, committed to establishing an Islamic state and enforcing ''[[sharia]]'' law.{{sfn|Kepel|2006}} He instituted Shariat judicial courts,{{R|Diamantides-Gearey-2011-3}} and court benches,{{sfn|Haqqani|2010|page=400}}{{sfn|Asia Watch Committee (U.S.)|1992}} to adjudicate using Islamic doctrine.{{R|Wynbrandt-2009}} Zia aligned with Deobandi institutions,{{R|Syed-Pio-Kamran-Zaidi-2016-1}} exacerbating sectarian tensions with anti-Shia policies.{{R|Syed-Pio-Kamran-Zaidi-2016-2}}

Most Pakistanis, according to a [[Pew Research Center]] (PEW) poll, favor Sharia law as the official law,{{sfn|Ziegfeld|2016}} and 94 percent of them identify more with religion than nationality compared to Muslims in other nations.{{sfn|PRC|2011}}