Editing Opera (section)

=== Czech opera ===
Czech composers also developed a thriving national opera movement of their own in the 19th century, starting with [[Bedřich Smetana]], who wrote [[List of operas by Bedřich Smetana|eight operas]] including the internationally popular ''[[The Bartered Bride]]''. Smetana's eight operas created the bedrock of the Czech opera repertory, but of these only ''The Bartered Bride'' is performed regularly outside the composer's homeland. After reaching Vienna in 1892 and London in 1895 it rapidly became part of the repertory of every major opera company worldwide.
[[File:Leóš Janáček (1917).png|left|thumb|upright|[[Leoš Janáček]] in 1917]]
[[Antonín Dvořák]]'s nine operas, except his first, have librettos in Czech and were intended to convey the Czech national spirit, as were some of his choral works. By far the most successful of the operas is ''[[Rusalka (opera)|Rusalka]]'' which contains the well-known aria "Měsíčku na nebi hlubokém" ("Song to the Moon"); it is played on contemporary opera stages frequently outside the [[Czech Republic]]. This is attributable to their uneven invention and libretti, and perhaps also their staging requirements – ''[[The Jacobin]]'', ''[[Armida (Dvořák)|Armida]]'', ''[[Vanda (opera)|Vanda]]'' and ''[[Dimitrij (opera)|Dimitrij]]'' need stages large enough to portray invading armies.
[[File:Prodana Nevesta Cover 1919.JPG|thumb|Score of Smetana's ''[[The Bartered Bride]]'']]
[[Leoš Janáček]] gained international recognition in the 20th century for his innovative works. His later, mature works incorporate his earlier studies of national folk music in a modern, highly original synthesis, first evident in the opera ''[[Jenůfa]]'', which was premiered in 1904 in [[Brno]]. The success of ''Jenůfa'' (often called the "[[Moravia]]n national opera") at [[Prague]] in 1916 gave Janáček access to the world's great opera stages. Janáček's later works are his most celebrated. They include operas such as ''[[Káťa Kabanová]]'' and ''[[The Cunning Little Vixen]]'', the [[Sinfonietta (Janáček)|Sinfonietta]] and the ''[[Glagolitic Mass]]''.