Editing Nuclear electromagnetic pulse (section)

==Super-EMP==
Also known as an "Enhanced-EMP", a super-electromagnetic pulse is a relatively new type of warfare in which a [[nuclear weapon]] is designed to create a far greater [[electromagnetic pulse]] in comparison to standard nuclear [[weapons of mass destruction]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gurevich |first1=Vladimir |date=September 2016 |title=EMP and Its Impact on Electrical Power System: Standards and Reports |journal=Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science |volume=1 |issue=6 |pages=6–10 |issn=2454-6194 |via=[[Academia.edu]] |df=dmy-all |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/53552388/emp_standards_and_reports.pdf}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> These weapons capitalize on the E1 pulse component of a detonation involving [[gamma ray]]s, creating an EMP yield of potentially up to 200,000 volts per meter.<ref name=":0">{{cite report |last1=Pry |first1=Peter V. |date=2017-07-27 |title=Nuclear EMP Attack Scenarios and Combined-Arms Cyber Warfare |newspaper=Dtic |docket=AD1097009 |language=en |via=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] |df=dmy-all |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD1097009 |access-date=2022-08-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210317144736/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD1097009 |archive-date=2021-03-17}}</ref> For decades, numerous countries have experimented with the creation of such weapons, most notably [[China]] and [[Russia]].

===China===
According to a statement made in writing by the [[Chinese military]], the country has super-EMPs and has discussed their use in attacking [[Taiwan]]. Such an attack would debilitate information systems in the nation, allowing China to move in and attack it directly using soldiers. The Taiwanese military has subsequently confirmed Chinese possession of super-EMPs and their possible destruction to [[power grid]]s.<ref name=":1">{{cite report |last1=Pry |first1=Peter V. |date=2020-06-10 |title=China: EMP Threat: The People's Republic of China Military Doctrine, Plans, and Capabilities for Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack |docket=AD1102202 |language=en |via=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] |df=dmy-all |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD1102202 |access-date=2022-08-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502044333/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD1102202 |archive-date=2021-05-02}}</ref>

In addition to Taiwan, the possible implications of attacking the [[United States]] with these weapons was examined by China. While the United States also possesses nuclear weapons, the country has not experimented with super-EMPs and is hypothetically highly vulnerable to any future attacks by nations. This is due to the country's reliance on computers to control much of the government and economy.<ref name=":0"/> Abroad, U.S. aircraft carriers stationed within a reasonable range of an exploding bomb could potentially be subject to complete destruction of missiles on board, as well as [[telecommunication systems]] that would allow them to communicate with nearby vessels and controllers on land.<ref name=":1"/>

===Russia===
Since the Cold War, Russia has experimented with the design and effects of EMP bombs.

The [[Soviet Union]] designed a [[Fractional Orbital Bombardment System|system]] to deliver nuclear weapons from the [[low Earth orbit]].<ref name=":2">{{cite report |last1=Pry |first1=Peter V. |date=2021-01-28 |title=Russia: EMP Threat. The Russian Federation's Military Doctrine, Plans, and Capabilities for Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack |docket=AD1124730 |language=en |via=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] |df=dmy-all |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD1124730 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502044331/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/AD1124730 |archive-date=2021-05-02}}</ref> and proposals have been made by Russia to develop [[satellite]]s supplied with EMP capabilities{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}. This would call for detonations up to {{convert|100|km|mi}} above the Earth's surface, with the potential to disrupt the electronic systems of U.S. satellites suspended in orbit around the planet, many of which are vital for deterrence and alerting the country of possible incoming missiles.<ref name=":0"/>