Editing Norway (section)

=== Post–World War II history ===
[[File:StatfjordA(Jarvin1982).jpg|thumb|Since the 1970s oil production has helped to expand the Norwegian economy and finance the Norwegian state ([[Statfjord oil field]]).]]

From 1945 to 1962, the [[Labour Party (Norway)|Labour Party]] held an absolute majority in the parliament. The government, led by prime minister [[Einar Gerhardsen]], embarked on a programme inspired by [[Keynesian economics]], emphasising state financed [[industrialisation]] and co-operation between trade unions and [[employers' organisation]]s. Many measures of state control of the economy imposed during the war were continued, although the [[rationing]] of dairy products was lifted in 1949, while price controls and rationing of housing and cars continued until 1960.

The wartime alliance with the United Kingdom and the United States continued in the post-war years. Although pursuing the goal of a socialist economy, the Labour Party distanced itself from the Communists, especially after the Communists' seizure of power in [[Czechoslovakia]] in 1948, and strengthened its foreign policy and defence policy ties with the US. Norway received [[Marshall Plan]] aid from the United States starting in 1947, joined the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD) one year later, and became a founding member of the [[NATO|North Atlantic Treaty Organization]] (NATO) in 1949.

Oil was discovered at the small Balder field in 1967, but production only began in 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.norskolje.museum.no/balder/|title=Balder – Norsk Oljemuseum|website=www.norskolje.museum.no|access-date=6 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007021055/http://www.norskolje.museum.no/balder/|archive-date=7 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1969, the [[Phillips Petroleum Company]] discovered petroleum resources at the [[Ekofisk oil field|Ekofisk]] field west of Norway. In 1973, the Norwegian government founded the State oil company, Statoil (now [[Equinor]]). Oil production did not provide net income until the early 1980s because of the large capital investment required. Around 1975, both the proportion and absolute number of workers in industry peaked. Since then labour-intensive industries and services like factory mass production and shipping have largely been outsourced.

Norway was a founding member of the [[European Free Trade Association]] (EFTA). Norway was twice invited to join the [[European Union]], but ultimately declined after referendums that failed by narrow margins in [[1972 Norwegian European Communities membership referendum|1972]] and [[1994 Norwegian European Union membership referendum|1994]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-20830201|title=Norwegian minister Espen Eide urges UK caution on quitting EU|date=23 December 2012|work=BBC News|access-date=23 December 2012|archive-date=23 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223070804/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-20830201|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:2011 Norway attacks flower march 2.jpg|thumb|Town Hall Square in Oslo filled with people with roses mourning the victims of the [[2011 Norway attacks#Utøya mass shooting|Utøya massacre]] of 22 July 2011.]]
In 1981, a [[Conservative Party (Norway)|Conservative Party]] government led by [[Kåre Willoch]] replaced the Labour Party with a policy of stimulating the [[stagflation|stagflated economy]] with tax cuts, economic liberalisation, deregulation of markets, and measures to curb record-high inflation (13.6% in 1981).

Norway's first female prime minister [[Gro Harlem Brundtland]] of the Labour Party continued many of the reforms, while backing traditional Labour concerns such as [[social security]], high taxes, the industrialisation of nature, and feminism. By the late 1990s, Norway had paid off its foreign debt and had started accumulating a [[sovereign wealth fund]]. Since the 1990s, a divisive question in politics has been how much of the income from petroleum production the government should spend, and how much it should save.

In 2011, Norway suffered [[2011 Norway attacks|two terrorist attacks]] by [[Anders Behring Breivik]] which struck the [[Regjeringskvartalet|government quarter]] in Oslo and a summer camp of the Labour party's [[Workers' Youth League (Norway)|youth movement]] at [[Utøya]] island, resulting in 77 deaths and 319 wounded.<ref>{{cite news |title=Norway mourns 77 dead a decade after terrorist attack |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/norway-mourns-77-dead-a-decade-after-terrorist-attack |work=PBS NewsHour |date=22 July 2021 |language=en-us |access-date=13 December 2021 |archive-date=13 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213073124/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/norway-mourns-77-dead-a-decade-after-terrorist-attack |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Jens Stoltenberg]] led Norway as prime minister for eight years from 2005 to 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://archive.canadianbusiness.com/business-news/early-returns-show-centre-right-bloc-winning-elections-in-norway/|title='Iron Erna' replaces Stoltenberg as Norway's prime minister as centre-right bloc takes power|website=canadianbusiness.com|date=9 September 2013|access-date=13 December 2021|archive-date=13 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213074333/https://archive.canadianbusiness.com/business-news/early-returns-show-centre-right-bloc-winning-elections-in-norway/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[2013 Norwegian parliamentary election]] brought a more conservative government to power, with the Conservative Party and the [[Progress Party (Norway)|Progress Party]] winning 43% of the electorate's votes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Norway election: Conservative Erna Solberg triumphs |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-24014551 |work=BBC News |date=10 September 2013 |access-date=30 August 2022 |archive-date=18 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018114640/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-24014551 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the [[2017 Norwegian parliamentary election|Norwegian parliamentary election 2017]] the centre-right government of Prime Minister [[Erna Solberg]] won re-election.<ref name="reuters.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-norway-election-idUSKCN1BL0J3|title=Norway's right-wing government wins re-election fought on oil, tax|first1=Henrik|last1=Stolen|first2=Joachim|last2=Dagenborg|newspaper=Reuters|date=12 September 2017|access-date=5 March 2021|archive-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527163130/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-norway-election-idUSKCN1BL0J3|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[2021 Norwegian parliamentary election]] saw a big win for the left-wing opposition in an election fought on climate change, inequality, and oil;<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Buli|first1=Nora|last2=Klesty|first2=Victoria|date=14 September 2021|title=Norway's left-wing opposition wins in a landslide, coalition talks next|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/norway-opposition-expected-win-election-fought-oil-inequality-2021-09-13/|access-date=19 October 2021|archive-date=19 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019005121/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/norway-opposition-expected-win-election-fought-oil-inequality-2021-09-13/|url-status=live}}</ref> Labour leader [[Jonas Gahr Støre]] was sworn in as prime minister.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/norways-prime-minister-present-government-80577776|title = Norway's prime minister presents his new government|website = [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]|access-date = 26 October 2021|archive-date = 26 October 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211026094805/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/norways-prime-minister-present-government-80577776|url-status = live}}</ref>