Editing New York Stock Exchange (section)

==Opening and closing bells==
[[File:NYSE opening bell.jpg|thumb|U.S. [[Secretary of Commerce]] [[Donald L. Evans]] rings the opening bell at the NYSE on April 23, 2003. Former chairman [[Richard Grasso]] is also in this picture.]]
[[File:STS-125 Crew Visits the Stock Exchange.jpg|thumb|right|[[NASA]] astronauts [[Scott Altman]] and [[Mike Massimino]] (representing [[Time Warner]], parent company of [[Warner Bros. Pictures]], distributor of the 2010 documentary [[Hubble (film)|''Hubble'']]) wields the gavel for the 'closing bell'.]]

The NYSE's opening and closing bells mark the beginning and the end of each trading day. The opening bell is rung at 9:30&nbsp;am ET to mark the start of the day's trading session. At 4&nbsp;pm ET the closing bell is rung and trading for the day stops. There are bells located in each of the four main sections of the NYSE that all ring at the same time once a button is pressed.<ref name="bellhistory">{{Cite web |title=What is the history behind the opening and closing bells on the NYSE? |url=http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/06/openingclosingbell.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016235702/http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/06/openingclosingbell.asp |archive-date=October 16, 2013 |access-date=August 23, 2013}}</ref> There are three buttons that control the bells, located on the control panel behind the podium which overlooks the trading floor. The main bell, which is rung at the beginning and end of the trading day, is controlled by a green button. The second button, colored orange, activates a single-stroke bell that is used to signal a moment of silence. A third, red button controls a backup bell which is used in case the main bell fails to ring.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lessons in Ringing the New York Stock Exchange's Closing Bell |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=April 30, 2010 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703572504575214341824379872 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113073523/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703572504575214341824379872 |archive-date=January 13, 2015 |access-date=August 24, 2013 |last1=Gardner |first1=Ralph Jr.}}</ref>

The ringing of the bells is usually accompanied with [[applause]] and is often done by [[Very important person|VIP]]s and [[Celebrity|celebrities]] (See pictures and the section "Notable bell-ringers").

===History===
The signal to start and stop trading was not always a bell; a [[gavel]] was the original signal, which is still utilized alongside the bell. However, the gavel is frequently damaged. During the late 1800s, the NYSE decided to switch the gavel for a gong to signal the day's beginning and end. After the NYSE changed to its present location at 18 Broad Street in 1903, the gong was switched to the bell format that is currently being used. The bell itself was produced by [[Bevin Brothers Manufacturing Company|Bevin Brothers]] in [[East Hampton, Connecticut]], which is known colloquially as "Bell Town" for its history of bell foundries and metal toy manufacturing.

A common sight today is the highly publicized events in which a celebrity or executive from a corporation stands behind the NYSE podium and pushes the button that signals the bells to ring. Due to the amount of coverage that the opening/closing bells receive, many companies coordinate new product launches and other marketing-related events to start on the same day as when the company's representatives ring the bell. It was only in 1995 that the NYSE began having special guests ring the bells on a regular basis; prior to that, ringing the bells was usually the responsibility of the exchange's floor managers.<ref name="bellhistory" />

===Notable bell-ringers===
Many of the people who ring the bell are business executives whose companies trade on the exchange, usually to announce new products, acquisitions, mergers or public offerings. However, there have also been many famous people from outside the world of business that have rung the bell, such as the [[Mayor of New York City]] [[Rudy Giuliani]] and the [[President of South Africa]] [[Nelson Mandela]]. Two United Nations Secretaries General have also rung the bell. On April 27, 2006, [[Kofi Annan|Secretary-General Kofi Annan]] rang the opening bell to launch the United Nations [[Principles for Responsible Investment]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Secretary-General Launches Principles for Responsible Investment at the NYSE |url=https://www.nyse.com/events/1145959807704.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514092138/http://www.nyse.com/events/1145959807704.html |archive-date=May 14, 2014 |access-date=May 13, 2014 |website=Principles for Responsible Investment |publisher=NYSE}}</ref> On July 24, 2013, [[Ban Ki-moon|Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon]] rang the closing bell to celebrate the NYSE joining the United Nations [[Sustainable Stock Exchanges Initiative]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon Visits the NYSE and Rings The Closing Bell® to Commemorate NYSE Euronext's Participation in the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges (SSE) Initiative |url=https://www.nyse.com/about/newsevents/1374490753058.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726095340/http://www.nyse.com/about/newsevents/1374490753058.html |archive-date=July 26, 2013 |access-date=May 13, 2014 |publisher=NYSE}}</ref> [[President-elect of the United States|President-Elect]] [[Donald Trump]] rang the bell on December 12, 2024 after being named the [[Time Person of the Year|''Time'' Person of the Year]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-12 |title=Trump is named Time's Person of the Year and will ring the New York Stock Exchange bell |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-stock-exchange-time-nyse-bell-ringing-91a59ff0f4ce77c0c6f87e55a38c6c75 |access-date=2024-12-12 |agency=Associated Press |language=en}}</ref>

Celebrities that have rung the bell include athletes such as [[Joe DiMaggio]] of the [[New York Yankees]] and Olympic swimming champion [[Michael Phelps]], entertainers such as rapper [[Snoop Dogg]], members of [[ESPN]]'s [[College GameDay (football)|College GameDay]] crew, singer and actress [[Liza Minnelli]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Liza Minnelli Rings The New York Stock Exchange Closing Bell Photos and Images – Getty Images |url=http://www.gettyimages.com/event/liza-minnelli-rings-the-new-york-stock-exchange-closing-bell-84120974?#singer-and-actress-liza-minnelli-rings-the-new-york-stock-exchange-picture-id84159892 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212164710/http://www.gettyimages.com/event/liza-minnelli-rings-the-new-york-stock-exchange-closing-bell-84120974#singer-and-actress-liza-minnelli-rings-the-new-york-stock-exchange-picture-id84159892 |archive-date=February 12, 2017 |access-date=March 26, 2017}}</ref> and members of the rock band [[Kiss (band)|Kiss]].

In addition there have been many bell-ringers selected for their public contributions, such as members of the [[New York City Police Department]] and [[New York City Fire Department]] following the [[September 11 attacks]], members of the [[United States Armed Forces]] serving overseas, and participants in various charitable organizations.

Several fictional characters, like mascots of companies and characters from movies and television or toys made by companies listed on the exchange, have rung the bell as well, including [[Mickey Mouse]], the [[Pink Panther (character)|Pink Panther]], [[Mr. Potato Head]], the [[Aflac]] Duck, Gene and Jailbreak of ''[[The Emoji Movie]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Events |url=https://www.nyse.com/events/3249761500/Sonys-The-Emoji-Movie-NYSE-SNE-Rings-The-NYSE-Closing-Bell |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628183227/https://www.nyse.com/events/3249761500/Sonys-The-Emoji-Movie-NYSE-SNE-Rings-The-NYSE-Closing-Bell |archive-date=June 28, 2018 |access-date=April 1, 2020}}</ref> and [[Darth Vader]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Tradition of the NYSE Bell |url=http://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0310/the-tradition-of-the-nyse-bell.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918190625/http://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0310/the-tradition-of-the-nyse-bell.aspx |archive-date=September 18, 2013 |access-date=August 23, 2013}}</ref>