Editing Neoliberalism (section)

==== Argentina ====
{{further|José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz|Domingo Cavallo}}
In the 1960s, [[Latin America]]n intellectuals began to notice the ideas of [[ordoliberalism]]; they often used the Spanish term "neoliberalismo" to refer to this school of thought. They were particularly impressed by the [[social market economy]] and the [[Wirtschaftswunder]] ("economic miracle") in Germany and speculated about the possibility of accomplishing similar policies in their own countries. Neoliberalism in 1960s Argentina meant a philosophy that was more moderate than entirely [[Laissez-faire]] [[free market|free-market]] [[capitalism]] and favored using state policy to temper [[social inequality]] and counter a tendency towards monopoly.{{sfnp|Boas|Gans-Morse|2009}}

In 1976, the [[National Reorganization Process|military dictatorship]]'s economic plan led by [[José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz]] was the first attempt at establishing a neoliberal program in Argentina. They implemented a fiscal [[austerity]] plan that reduced money printing in an attempt to counter inflation. In order to achieve this, salaries were frozen; however, they were unable to reduce inflation, which led to a drop in the real salary of the working class. They also liberalized trade policy so that foreign goods could freely enter the country. Argentina's industry, which had been on the rise for 20 years after the economic policies of former president [[Arturo Frondizi]], rapidly declined as it was not able to compete with foreign goods. Following the measures, there was an increase in poverty from 9% in 1975 to 40% at the end of 1982.<ref name="Winn-2004" />

From 1989 to 2001, more neoliberal policies were implemented by [[Domingo Cavallo]]. This time, the privatization of public services was the main focus, although financial deregulation and free trade with foreign nations were also re-implemented. Along with an increased [[labour market flexibility]], the unemployment rate dropped to 18.3%.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2005 |title=Poster Child or Victim of Imperialist Globalization? Explaining Argentina's December 2001 Political Crisis and Economic Collapse |jstor=30040267 |journal=[[Latin American Perspectives]] |volume=32 |issue=6 |pages=65–89 |last1=Carranza |first1=Mario E. |doi=10.1177/0094582X05281114 |s2cid=144975029}}</ref> Public perception of the policies was mixed; while some of the privatization was welcomed, much of it was criticized for not being in the people's best interests. Protests resulted in the death of 29 people at the hands of police.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Malamud |first1=Andrés |year=2015 |title=Social Revolution or Political Takeover? The Argentine Collapse of 2001 Reassessed |journal=[[Latin American Perspectives]] |volume=42 |page=10 |doi=10.1177/0094582X13492710 |s2cid=153480464}}</ref>