Editing Neil Armstrong (section)

==== Voyage to the Moon ====
A [[Saturn V]] rocket launched Apollo 11 from [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A|Launch Complex 39A]] at the [[Kennedy Space Center]] on July 16, 1969, at 13:32:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] (09:32:00 EDT local time).{{sfn|Orloff|2000|p=92}} Armstrong's wife Janet and two sons watched from a yacht moored on the [[Banana River]].{{sfn|Hansen|2005|p=2}} During the launch, Armstrong's heart rate peaked at 110{{nbsp}}beats per minute.{{sfn|Hansen|2005|p=410}} He found the first stage the loudest, much noisier than the Gemini{{nbsp}}8 Titan II launch. The Apollo command module was relatively roomy compared with the Gemini spacecraft. None of the Apollo 11 crew suffered [[space sickness]], as some members of previous crews had. Armstrong was especially glad about this, as he had been prone to [[motion sickness]] as a child and could experience [[nausea]] after long periods of [[aerobatics]].{{sfn|Hansen|2005|pp=411–412}}

[[File:Neil Armstrong.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Armstrong smiling in his space suit with the helmet off. He wears a headset and his eyes look slightly watery.|Armstrong in the lunar module after the completion of the [[extravehicular activity|EVA]]]]
Apollo 11's objective was to land safely on the Moon, rather than to touch down at a precise location. Three minutes into the lunar descent, Armstrong noted that craters were passing about two seconds too early, which meant the [[Lunar Module Eagle|Lunar Module ''Eagle'']] would probably touch down several miles (kilometres) beyond the planned landing zone.{{sfn|Smith|2005|p=11}} As the ''Eagle''{{'}}s landing [[radar]] acquired the surface, several computer error alarms sounded. The first was a code [[Jack Garman#1202|1202]] alarm, and even with their extensive training, neither Armstrong nor Aldrin knew what this code meant. They promptly received word from CAPCOM [[Charles Duke]] in Houston that the alarms were not a concern; the 1202 and 1201 alarms were caused by executive overflows in the [[Apollo Guidance Computer|lunar module guidance computer]]. In 2007, Aldrin said the overflows were caused by his own counter-checklist choice of leaving the docking radar on during the landing process, causing the computer to process unnecessary radar data. When it did not have enough time to execute all tasks, the computer dropped the lower-priority ones, triggering the alarms. Aldrin said he decided to leave the radar on in case an abort was necessary when re-docking with the Apollo command module; he did not realize it would cause the processing overflows.{{sfn|Hansen|2005|pp=459–465}}
[[File:AP11 FINAL APPROACH.ogv|thumb|Armstrong lands the [[Lunar Module Eagle|Lunar Module ''Eagle'']] on the Moon, July 20, 1969.]]
When Armstrong noticed they were heading toward a landing area that seemed unsafe, he took manual control of the LM and attempted to find a safer area. This took longer than expected, and longer than most simulations had taken.{{sfn|Chaikin|1994|p=199}} For this reason, Mission Control was concerned that the LM was running low on fuel.{{sfn|Chaikin|1994|p=198}} On landing, Aldrin and Armstrong believed they had 40{{nbsp}}seconds of fuel left, including the 20{{nbsp}}seconds' worth which had to be saved in the event of an abort.{{sfn|Chaikin|1994|p=200}} During training, Armstrong had, on several occasions, landed with fewer than 15{{nbsp}}seconds of fuel; he was also confident the LM could survive a fall of up to {{convert|50|ft|m}}. Post-mission analysis showed that at touchdown there were 45 to 50{{nbsp}}seconds of propellant burn time left.{{sfn|Manned Spacecraft Center|1969|pp=9-23–9-24}}

The landing on the surface of the Moon occurred several seconds after 20:17:40 UTC on July 20, 1969.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jones |first=Eric M. |title=The First Lunar Landing, time 109:45:40 |url=http://www.history.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11.landing.html |website=Apollo 11 Surface Journal |publisher=NASA |access-date=March 4, 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225232200/https://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11.landing.html |archive-date=December 25, 2017 }} That was the time of probe contact; the exact time of landing is difficult to determine, because Armstrong said the landing was "very gentle" and "It was hard to tell when we were on."</ref> One of three {{convert|67|in|cm|adj=on}} probes attached to three of the LM's four legs made contact with the surface, a panel light in the LM illuminated, and Aldrin called out, "Contact light." Armstrong shut the engine off and said, "Shutdown." As the LM settled onto the surface, Aldrin said, "Okay, engine stop"; then they both called out some post-landing checklist items. After a 10-second pause, Duke acknowledged the landing with, "We copy you down, ''Eagle''." Armstrong confirmed the landing to Mission Control and the world with the words, "Houston, [[Tranquility Base]] here. The ''Eagle'' has landed." Aldrin and Armstrong celebrated with a brisk handshake and pat on the back. They then returned to the checklist of contingency tasks, should an emergency liftoff become necessary.<ref>{{cite web |last=Jones |first=Eric M. |title=The First Lunar Landing, time 1:02:45 |url=http://www.history.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11.landing.html |access-date=November 30, 2007 |website=Apollo 11 Surface Journal |publisher=NASA |date=September 15, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225232200/https://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11.landing.html |archive-date=December 25, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Jones |first=Eric M. |title=Mission Transcripts, Apollo 11 AS11 PA0.pdf |url=https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/mission_trans/AS11_PAO.PDF |access-date=November 30, 2007 |website=Apollo 11 Surface Journal |publisher=NASA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917232517/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/mission_trans/AS11_PAO.PDF |archive-date=September 17, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Jones |first=Eric M. |title=Apollo 11 Mission Commentary 7-20-69 CDT 15:15 – GET 102:43 – TAPE 307/1 |url=https://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11transcript_pao.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108072819/https://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11transcript_pao.htm |archive-date=November 8, 2017 |website=Apollo 11 Surface Journal |publisher=NASA}}</ref> After Armstrong confirmed touch down, Duke re-acknowledged, adding a comment about the flight crew's relief: "Roger, Tranquility. We copy you on the ground. You got a bunch of guys about to turn blue. We're breathing again. Thanks a lot."{{sfn|Chaikin|1994|p=200}} During the landing, Armstrong's heart rate ranged from 100 to 150{{nbsp}}beats per minute.{{sfn|Manned Spacecraft Center|1969|p=12-1}}