Editing Nanjing (section)

=== Climate and environment ===
{{climate chart
| Nanjing
|−0.7| 7.2| 45.4
| 1.4| 9.5| 53.0
| 5.3|14.2| 79.6
|11.0|20.7| 80.3
|16.5|26.2| 90.0
|21.0|29.1|166.2
|24.9|32.2|214.3
|24.4|31.7|143.8
|19.9|27.7| 72.9
|13.6|22.5| 59.7
| 6.8|16.2| 55.9
| 1.1| 9.9| 29.5
|float = right
|source = CMA<ref name = CMA/> }}
Nanjing has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfa'') and is influenced by the East Asian [[monsoon]]. The four seasons are distinct, with damp conditions seen throughout the year, very hot and muggy summers, cold<!--due to the high humidity and widespread lack of heating units-->, damp winters, and in between, spring and autumn are of reasonable length. Along with [[Chongqing]] and [[Wuhan]], Nanjing is traditionally referred to as one of the "[[Three Furnaces]]" along the Yangtze River for the perennially high temperatures in the summertime.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gzkp.org.cn/show.aspx?id=180&cid=5 |script-title=zh:为什么重庆、武汉、南京有"三大火炉"之称? |publisher=Guangzhou Popular Science News Net (广州科普资讯网) |language=zh-hans |date=September 12, 2007 |access-date=November 12, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112042247/http://www.gzkp.org.cn/show.aspx?id=180&cid=5 |archive-date=November 12, 2014 }}</ref> However, the time from mid-June to the end of July is the [[plum blossom]] blooming season in which the ''[[meiyu]]'' (rainy season of East Asia; literally "plum rain") occurs, during which the city experiences a period of mild rain as well as dampness. The northeast wind prevails in winter.

Despite being called one of the "Three Furnances", Nanjing has a cold climate for its latitude. Nanjing's winter temperatures are similar to, or lower than, those of London, and Nanjing's January is 2&nbsp;°C colder to London's January, despite the fact that Nanjing is on 32°N and London is on 51°N. Comparing to the East coast of USA which has the same humid subtropical climate, Nanjing's winter is 6&nbsp;°C colder than the winter of Savannah, Georgia. The average temperatures of Nanjing are also 3&nbsp;°C lower than those of Savannah (notice that Savannah is in the same 32°N latitude as Nanjing).

The average temperature in January is {{cvt|3.1|C}}, and the extreme daily minimum temperature is {{cvt|-14.0|C}}, which occurred on January 6, 1955. The southeast wind prevails in summer, with an average temperature of {{cvt|28.4|C}} in July and an extreme daily maximum temperature of {{cvt|43.0|C}}, which occurred on July 13, 1934. The number of precipitation days greater than 0.1&nbsp;mm was 113 days, and the extreme maximum annual precipitation days were 160 days in 1957. The average annual precipitation is {{cvt|1144|mm}}.

Typhoons are uncommon but possible in the late stages of summer and early part of autumn. The annual mean temperature is around {{cvt|16.4|°C|1}}, with the monthly 24-hour average temperature ranging from {{cvt|3.1|°C|1}} in January to {{cvt|28.4|°C|1}} in July. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from {{cvt|−14.0|°C|0}} on January 6, 1955, to {{cvt|40.7|°C|0}} on August 22, 1959.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger |title=无标题文档 |access-date=February 18, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318113757/http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger |archive-date=March 18, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/home.do |script-title=zh:南京气象资料 |publisher=中国气象科学数据共享服务网 |access-date=July 20, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302053152/http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/home.do |archive-date=March 2, 2015}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web |url=http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm |title=Extreme Temperatures Around the World |access-date=December 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804202145/http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm |archive-date=August 4, 2014 |url-status=live}}
</ref> On average precipitation falls 113&nbsp;days out of the year, and the average annual rainfall is {{cvt|1144|mm|0}}. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 37&nbsp;percent in June to 48&nbsp;percent in August and October, the city receives 1,932 hours of bright sunshine annually.
Nanjing is endowed with rich natural resources, which include more than 40 kinds of minerals. Among them, iron and [[sulfur]] reserves make up 40&nbsp;percent of those of Jiangsu province. Its reserves of [[strontium]] rank first in East Asia and the [[Southeast Asia]] region. Nanjing also possesses abundant water resources, both from the Yangtze River and groundwater. In addition, it has several natural hot springs such as Tangshan Hot Spring in [[Jiangning District|Jiangning]] and Tangquan Hot Spring in [[Pukou]].

Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake are located in the center of the city and are easily accessible to the public, while Purple Mountain is covered with deciduous and coniferous forests preserving various historical and cultural sites. Meanwhile, a Yangtze River deep-water channel is under construction to enable Nanjing to handle the navigation of 50,000 [[Deadweight tonnage|DWT]] vessels from the East China Sea.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.moc.gov.cn/jiaotongyaowen/201607/t20160705_2056811.html |script-title=zh:十二点五米深水航道初通南京 长江出海口至南京全程畅行五万吨级船舶 |language=zh-hans |date=July 5, 2016 |publisher=[[Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202014036/http://www.moc.gov.cn/jiaotongyaowen/201607/t20160705_2056811.html |archive-date=February 2, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Clear}}
{{Weather box
| location = Nanjing, elevation {{convert|35|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
| collapsed = Y
| single line = Y
| metric first = Y
| Jan record high C = 21.0
| Feb record high C = 27.7
| Mar record high C = 33.2
| Apr record high C = 34.2
| May record high C = 37.5
| Jun record high C = 38.1
| Jul record high C = 40.0
| Aug record high C = 40.7
| Sep record high C = 39.0
| Oct record high C = 38.1
| Nov record high C = 29.2
| Dec record high C = 23.1
| Jan high C = 7.4
| Feb high C = 10.1
| Mar high C = 15.1
| Apr high C = 21.4
| May high C = 26.6
| Jun high C = 29.2
| Jul high C = 32.4
| Aug high C = 31.9
| Sep high C = 27.9
| Oct high C = 22.8
| Nov high C = 16.6
| Dec high C = 10.0
| Jan mean C = 3.1
| Feb mean C = 5.6
| Mar mean C = 10.1
| Apr mean C = 16.2
| May mean C = 21.5
| Jun mean C = 25.0
| Jul mean C = 28.4
| Aug mean C = 27.9
| Sep mean C = 23.7
| Oct mean C = 18.0
| Nov mean C = 11.5
| Dec mean C = 5.4
| Jan low C = 0.0
| Feb low C = 2.0
| Mar low C = 6.0
| Apr low C = 11.6
| May low C = 17.1
| Jun low C = 21.4
| Jul low C = 25.1
| Aug low C = 24.8
| Sep low C = 20.3
| Oct low C = 14.2
| Nov low C = 7.7
| Dec low C = 1.9
| Jan record low C = -14.0
| Feb record low C = -13.0
| Mar record low C = −7.1
| Apr record low C = −0.2
| May record low C = 5.0
| Jun record low C = 11.8
| Jul record low C = 16.8
| Aug record low C = 16.9
| Sep record low C = 7.7
| Oct record low C = 0.2
| Nov record low C = −6.3
| Dec record low C = −13.1
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 50.2
| Feb precipitation mm = 53.5
| Mar precipitation mm = 79.7
| Apr precipitation mm = 82.4
| May precipitation mm = 83.8
| Jun precipitation mm = 193.4
| Jul precipitation mm = 226.8
| Aug precipitation mm = 158.5
| Sep precipitation mm = 72.9
| Oct precipitation mm = 55.5
| Nov precipitation mm = 52.3
| Dec precipitation mm = 35.0
| Jan humidity = 73
| Feb humidity = 71
| Mar humidity = 69
| Apr humidity = 68
| May humidity = 69
| Jun humidity = 76
| Jul humidity = 78
| Aug humidity = 79
| Sep humidity = 76
| Oct humidity = 73
| Nov humidity = 71
| Dec humidity = 73
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 9.2
| Feb precipitation days = 8.9
| Mar precipitation days = 10.9
| Apr precipitation days = 9.6
| May precipitation days = 9.9
| Jun precipitation days = 10.6
| Jul precipitation days = 11.7
| Aug precipitation days = 12.1
| Sep precipitation days = 7.8
| Oct precipitation days = 7.3
| Nov precipitation days = 7.7
| Dec precipitation days = 7.2
| Jan sun = 121.2
| Feb sun = 124.5
| Mar sun = 153.2
| Apr sun = 180.6
| May sun = 190.4
| Jun sun = 155.4
| Jul sun = 195.4
| Aug sun = 197.6
| Sep sun = 165.0
| Oct sun = 168.6
| Nov sun = 145.4
| Dec sun = 135.1
| Jan percentsun = 38
| Feb percentsun = 40
| Mar percentsun = 41
| Apr percentsun = 46
| May percentsun = 45
| Jun percentsun = 37
| Jul percentsun = 45
| Aug percentsun = 48
| Sep percentsun = 45
| Oct percentsun = 48
| Nov percentsun = 47
| Dec percentsun = 43
| Jan snow days = 3.7
| Feb snow days = 3.0
| Mar snow days = 1.0
| Apr snow days = 0
| May snow days = 0
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0
| Oct snow days = 0
| Nov snow days = 0.4
| Dec snow days = 1.2
| year snow days = 
| source 1 = China Meteorological Administration<ref>{{cite web
 |url          = https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps
 |script-title = zh:CMA台站气候标准值(1991-2020)
 |publisher    = [[China Meteorological Administration]]
 |language     = zh
 |access-date  = April 11, 2023
 |archive-date = April 4, 2023
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20230404092524/https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps
 |url-status   = live
|title = Experience Template
 }}</ref><ref name=CMA>{{cite web |url=http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger |script-title=zh:中国气象局 国家气象信息中心 |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language=zh-hans |access-date=February 18, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318113757/http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger |archive-date=March 18, 2013}}</ref><ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |access-date=November 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905194950/http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |url-status=dead |title=Index}}</ref>
| date = February 2011
| source = 
}}