Editing N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (section)

===Endogenous production and effects===
In the 1950s, the endogenous production of psychoactive agents was considered to be a potential explanation for the hallucinatory symptoms of some psychiatric diseases; this is known as the transmethylation hypothesis.<ref name="pmid13152519">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hoffer A, Osmond H, Smythies J | title = Schizophrenia; a new approach. II. Result of a year's research | journal = The Journal of Mental Science | volume = 100 | issue = 418 | pages = 29–45 | date = January 1954 | pmid = 13152519 | doi = 10.1192/bjp.100.418.29 }}</ref> Several speculative and yet untested hypotheses suggest that [[endogenous]] DMT is produced in the human brain and is involved in certain psychological and neurological states.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/dmt-the-psychedelic-drug-produced-in-your-brain | title=DMT: The psychedelic drug 'produced in your brain' | publisher=SBS | date=8 November 2013 | access-date=27 March 2014 | archive-date=27 September 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927161206/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/dmt-the-psychedelic-drug-produced-in-your-brain | url-status=live }}</ref> DMT is naturally occurring in small amounts in rat brains, human cerebrospinal fluid, and other tissues of humans and other mammals.<ref name="pmid16095048" /><ref name="pmid289421" /><ref name="pmid20877" /><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=104240746&sc=fb&cc=fp |title=The God Chemical: Brain Chemistry And Mysticism |newspaper=NPR.org |publisher=NPR |access-date=20 September 2012 |archive-date=8 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108195911/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=104240746&sc=fb&cc=fp |url-status=live }}</ref> Further, mRNA for the enzyme necessary for the production of DMT, [[INMT]], are expressed in the human cerebral cortex, choroid plexus, and pineal gland, suggesting an endogenous role in the human brain.<ref name = "Dean_2019">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dean JG, Liu T, Huff S, Sheler B, Barker SA, Strassman RJ, Wang MM, Borjigin J | title = Biosynthesis and Extracellular Concentrations of ''N'',''N''-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in Mammalian Brain | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 9 | issue = 1 | page = 9333 | date = June 2019 | pmid = 31249368 | doi = 10.1038/s41598-019-45812-w | pmc = 6597727 | bibcode = 2019NatSR...9.9333D | doi-access = free }}</ref> In 2011, Nicholas Cozzi of the [[University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health]], and three other researchers, concluded that INMT, an enzyme that is associated with the biosynthesis of DMT and endogenous hallucinogens is present in the non-human primate ([[rhesus macaque]]) pineal gland, retinal ganglion neurons, and spinal cord.<ref name="Cozzi N.V., Mavlyutov T.A., Thompson M.A., Ruoho A.E. 2011 840.19" /> Neurobiologist Andrew Gallimore (2013) suggested that while DMT might not have a modern neural function, it may have been an ancestral neuromodulator once secreted in psychedelic concentrations during [[Rapid eye movement sleep|REM sleep]], a function now lost.<ref name="Gallimore" />