Editing Mussel (section)

==Mussels and nutrient mitigation==
Marine nutrient bioextraction is the practice of farming and harvesting marine organisms such as shellfish and seaweed for the purpose of reducing [[nutrient pollution]]. Mussels and other bivalve shellfish consume phytoplankton containing nutrients such as [[nitrogen]] (N) and [[phosphorus]] (P).  On average, one live mussel is 1.0% N and 0.1% P.<ref name="Lindahl et al.">{{cite journal|vauthors=Lindahl O, Hernroth R, Kollberg S, Loo LO, Olrog L, Rehnstam-Holm AS, Svensson J, Svensson S, Syversen U |title=Improving marine water quality by mussel farming: A profitable solution for Swedish society|journal=Ambio|year=2005|volume=34|issue=2|pages=131–138|doi=10.1579/0044-7447-34.2.131|pmid=15865310|bibcode=2005Ambio..34..131L |citeseerx=10.1.1.589.3995|s2cid=25371433}}</ref> When the mussels are harvested and removed, these nutrients are also removed from the system and recycled in the form of seafood or mussel biomass, which can be used as an organic fertilizer or animal feed-additive. These [[ecosystem services]] provided by mussels are of particular interest to those hoping to mitigate excess anthropogenic marine nutrients, particularly in eutrophic marine systems.  While mussel aquaculture is actually promoted in some countries such as Sweden as a water management strategy to address coastal eutrophication,<ref name="Lindahl et al."/> mussel farming as a nutrient mitigation tool is still in its infancy in most parts of the world. Ongoing efforts in the Baltic Sea (Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Poland) and Long Island Sound<ref>{{cite web|title=Ribbed Mussel Pilot Study in the Bronx River, New York City|url=http://longislandsoundstudy.net/issues-actions/water-quality/ribbed-mussel-pilot-study/|publisher=Long Island Sound Study}}</ref> and Puget Sound<ref>{{cite web|title=Nutrient Mitigation|url=http://www.restorationfund.org/projects/mitigation|publisher=Puget Sound Restoration Fund}}</ref>  in the U.S. are currently examining nutrient uptake, cost-effectiveness, and potential environmental impacts of mussel farming as a means to mitigate excess nutrients and complement traditional wastewater treatment programs.