Editing Moose (section)

===Parasites===
Moose typically carry a heavy burden of parasites, both externally and internally. Parasitosis is an important cause of moose morbidity and mortality and also contributes to vulnerability to predators.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Debow |first1=Jacob |last2=Blouin |first2=Joshua |last3=Rosenblatt |first3=Elias |last4=Alexander |first4=Cedric |last5=Gieder |first5=Katherina |last6=Cottrell |first6=Walter |last7=Murdoch |first7=James |last8=Donovan |first8=Therese |title=Effects of Winter Ticks and Internal Parasites on Moose Survival in Vermont, USA |journal=The Journal of Wildlife Management |date=September 2021 |volume=85 |issue=7 |pages=1423–1439 |doi=10.1002/jwmg.22101|doi-access=free |bibcode=2021JWMan..85.1423D }}</ref> [[Ectoparasites]] of moose include the [[Cephenemyia ulrichii|moose nose bot fly]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rolandsen |first1=Christer M. |last2=Madslien |first2=Knut |last3=Ytrehus |first3=Bjørnar |last4=Hamnes |first4=Inger Sofie |last5=Solberg |first5=Erling J. |last6=Mysterud |first6=Atle |last7=Vikøren |first7=Turid |last8=Våge |first8=Jørn |last9=Hanssen |first9=Oddvar |last10=Miller |first10=Andrea L. |title=Distribution, prevalence and intensity of moose nose bot fly (Cephenemyia ulrichii) larvae in moose (Alces alces) from Norway |journal=International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife |date=August 2021 |volume=15 |pages=120–126 |doi=10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.04.012|pmid=33996444 |pmc=8105593 |bibcode=2021IJPPW..15..120R |hdl=10852/85965 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> and [[Dermacentor albipictus|winter ticks]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ellingwood |first1=Daniel D. |last2=Pekins |first2=Peter J. |last3=Jones |first3=Henry |last4=Musante |first4=Anthony R. |title=Evaluating moose Alces alces population response to infestation level of winter ticks Dermacentor albipictus |journal=Wildlife Biology |date=16 June 2020 |volume=2020 |issue=2 |page=1 |doi=10.2981/wlb.00619 |s2cid=220526796 |url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3339&context=icwdm_usdanwrc |doi-access=free |bibcode=2020WildB202000619E |access-date=28 October 2021 |archive-date=17 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517041202/https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3339&context=icwdm_usdanwrc |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Endoparasites]] of moose include [[Echinococcus granulosus|dog tapeworm]], [[Parelaphostrongylus tenuis|meningeal worm]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wünschmann |first1=Arno |last2=Armien |first2=Anibal G. |last3=Butler |first3=Erika |last4=Schrage |first4=Mike |last5=Stromberg |first5=Bert |last6=Bender |first6=Jeff B. |last7=Firshman |first7=Anna M. |last8=Carstensen |first8=Michelle |title=NECROPSY FINDINGS IN 62 OPPORTUNISTICALLY COLLECTED FREE-RANGING MOOSE (ALCES ALCES) FROM MINNESOTA, USA (2003–13) |journal=Journal of Wildlife Diseases |date=1 January 2015 |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=157–165 |doi=10.7589/2014-02-037|pmid=25390764 |s2cid=19770221 }}</ref> lungworm, and roundworm.