Editing Monarchy of Ireland (section)

===List of monarchs of Ireland===
{{Redirect|Queen of Ireland}}

====Monarchs of Ireland====
British monarchs: 
[[File:Philip & Mary Irish groat 602446.jpg|thumb|right|An Irish [[Groat (coin)|groat]] depicting Philip and Mary]]
* [[Henry VIII]] (1542–1547); Lord of Ireland, 1509–1542; made king by the [[Crown of Ireland Act 1542]]
* [[Edward VI]] (1547–1553)
* [[Lady Jane Grey]] (1553; disputed)
* [[Mary I of England|Mary I]] (1553–1558)
** [[Philip II of Spain|Philip (of Spain)]] (1554–1558) ''[[jure uxoris]]''; the Spanish king (Mary's husband)'s title as King of Ireland was reinforced by the [[Treason Act 1554]]
* [[Elizabeth I]] (1558–1603)
* [[James VI and I|James I]] (1603–1625)
* [[Charles I of England|Charles I]] (1625–1649)

The [[Wars of the Three Kingdoms]] (incorporating the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]], [[Confederate Ireland]], the [[Cromwellian conquest of Ireland]] and the [[Irish Confederate Wars]]) took place between 1639 and 1653. Charles I was executed in 1649 and his son [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] was recognised by some Irish lords as King of Ireland. The [[Interregnum (England)|Interregnum]] began with England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales ruled by the [[English Council of State|Council of State]], then the [[Lord Protector]] [[Oliver Cromwell]] (1649–1658) and his son [[Richard Cromwell]] (1658–1659). The [[Restoration (Ireland)|Restoration in Ireland]] was effected in 1660 without major opposition, Charles II being declared king on 14 May 1660 by the [[Irish Convention (1660)|Irish Convention]].

* [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] (1660–1685)
* [[James II of England|James II]] (1685–1689)
* [[William III of England|William III]] (1689–1702) and [[Mary II of England|Mary II]] (1689–1694)

The position of King of Ireland was contested by William III and James II between 1689 and 1691, after the [[Glorious Revolution]] of 1688. The [[Crown and Parliament Recognition Act 1689]] made William King of Ireland, and this was reinforced by his victory in the [[Williamite War in Ireland]].

After William III's death, the monarchy continued with:
* [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Anne]] (1702–1714)
** The [[Acts of Union 1707]] united the [[Kingdom of England]] and [[Kingdom of Scotland]] to form the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]]. However, the [[Kingdom of Ireland]] remained a separate state.
* [[George I of Great Britain|George I]] (1714–1727)
* [[George II of Great Britain|George II]] (1727–1760)
* [[George III]] (1760–1801)

The [[Acts of Union 1800]], which [[came into force]] on 1 January 1801, was instituted in response to the [[Irish Rebellion of 1798]] and created the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]].
* [[George III]] (1801–1820)
* [[George IV]] (1820–1830)
* [[William IV]] (1830–1837)
* [[Queen Victoria|Victoria]] (1837–1901) 
* [[Edward VII]] (1901–1910)
* [[George V]] (1910–1922)

====Monarchs of the Irish Free State and Ireland====
[[File:Royal arms of Ireland.svg|thumb|right|upright|The royal arms of Ireland – Badge of Ireland, used during the period of the Kingdom of Ireland on coins, etc.]]
* [[George V]] (1922–1936) (The [[Irish Free State]] became a self-governing [[Dominion]] of the [[British Empire]] and subsequently, in 1931, a legislatively independent country.)
* [[Edward VIII]] (1936)
* Arguably [[George VI]] (1936–1949), whose status was diminished ''(see [[Irish head of state from 1922 to 1949]])''.

Following the [[Ireland Act 1949]], only the part of Ireland known as [[Northern Ireland]] remained part of a monarchy.
====Monarchs of Northern Ireland====
As part of the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]].
* [[George V]] (1922–1936) 
* [[Edward VIII]] (1936)
* [[George VI]] (1936–1952) 
* [[Elizabeth II]] (1952–2022) 
* [[Charles III]] (2022–present)

====King's title, George V – George VI====
The king's title in the [[Irish Free State]], when it became a self-governing [[Dominion]] of the [[British Empire]], and its constitutional successor from December 1936 to April 1949, was the same as elsewhere in the British Commonwealth,<ref>Proclamation altering the Style and Titles appertaining to the Crown, London, 13 May 1927.[http://www.heraldica.org/topics/britain/britstyles.htm#1927]</ref> but it was unclear whether the [[President of Ireland]] or the king was [[Irish head of state from 1922 to 1949|head of state]].

The changes in the [[Style of the British Sovereign|royal style]] in the 20th century took into account the emergence of independence for the dominions from the [[Imperial Parliament of the United Kingdom]]. The kings successively and their advisers and governments in the United Kingdom were fully aware that the republican intent of the representatives of the Irish Free State was in marked contrast to the intent of the governments of certain other dominions, such as Canada.<ref>Heads of government attending the [[1926 Imperial Conference]] included W. T. Cosgrave, then serving as [[President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State|President of the Executive Council]] (prime minister) from 1922 to 1932. It was recorded that the distinct characteristics and histories of each was recognised by the parties attending the Conference,</ref> and such differences were manifested in this period in the design and use of flags and other national symbols for the Irish Free State and other dominions.<ref>See Alistair B. Fraser (1998). [http://fraser.cc/FlagsCan/Nation/NatSym.html "The Flags of Canada"]. For the chronology of Canadian flags from 1870, at the time of the Irish republican movement, see [http://fraser.cc/FlagsCan/Appendicies/Chronology.html Appendix III]. For explanation of the distinction between national flags and monarchical badges or blazons of arms see Chapter I: "...&nbsp;a nation needs emblems and symbols to preserve traditions and inspire love of country. Of these symbols, the coat of arms and the flag are the chief." Charles Frederick Hamilton, Assistant Comptroller, R.C.M.P (1921) "The function of a flag is to send the simple message of identity. The function of arms is to dignify an individual, or institution, or country by special identifying symbolism and by appropriate reference to ancestry." John Ross Matheson, ''Canada's Flag: A Search for a Country'' (Boston G.K. Hall, 1980), p. 7. "Canada's flag serves to identify something Canadian. More specialized in its use, Canada's arms identify national authority and jurisdiction. Leaving aside strictly decorative uses of either, the flag is used wherever one wishes to make the simple statement: Canada or Canadian; the arms only where the authority of the nation is asserted." Alistair B. Fraser, 1998, op.cit.</ref>