Editing Minangkabau people (section)

==Language==
{{Main|Minangkabau language}}
[[Image:Sumatra Ethnic Groups Map en.svg|upright|thumb|Location ethnic groups of Sumatra, the Minangkabau is shown in light and dark olive.]]
The Minangkabau language (''Baso Minangkabau'') is an [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian language]] belonging to the [[Malayic languages|Malayic]] linguistic subgroup, which in turn belongs to the [[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]] branch. [[Negeri Sembilan Malay language|The Negri Sembilan dialect of Malay]] used by people in [[Negeri Sembilan|the aforementioned state]] is closely related to it due to the fact many of the population are descendants of Minangkabau immigrants.

The language has a number of dialects and sub-dialects, but native Minangkabau speakers generally have no difficulty understanding the variety of dialects. The differences between dialects are mainly at the [[phonological]] level, though some [[Lexicon|lexical]] differences also exist. Minangkabau dialects are regional, consisting of one or more villages ({{Transliteration|min|nagari}}), and usually correspond to differences in customs and traditions. Each sub-village ({{Transliteration|min|jorong}}) has its own sub-dialect consisting of subtle differences which can be detected by native speakers.<ref name="Anwar1980">{{cite journal| journal=Indonesia and the Malay World| issue=22| pages=55–63|date=June 1980| title=Language use in Minangkabau society| last=Anwar| first=Khaidir | doi=10.1080/03062848008723789| volume=8}}</ref> The Padang dialect has become the lingua franca for people of different language regions.<ref name="Campbell2000">{{cite book|last=Campbell|first=George L.|title=Compendium of the World's Languages|year=2000|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0-415-20298-1}}</ref>

The Minangkabau society has a [[diglossia]] situation, whereby they use their native language for everyday conversations, while the Malay language is used for most formal occasions, in education, and in writing, even to relatives and friends.<ref name="Anwar1980"/> The Minangkabau language was originally written using the [[Jawi script]], an adapted Arabic alphabet. Romanization of the language dates from the 19th century, and a standardised official orthography of the language was published in 1976.<ref name="Campbell2000"/>

<div align="center" >
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Denominations
! [[ISO 639-3]]
! abbr="Population" width=90px | Population (as of)
! Dialects
|-
! Minangkabau
| align="center" | [[ISO 639:m#min|min]] || align="right" | 6,500,000&nbsp;(1981) || Agam, Payakumbuh, Tanah Datar, Sijunjung, Batu Sangkar-Pariangan, Singkarak, Pariaman, Orang Mamak, Ulu, Kampar Ocu, Rokan, Pasaman, Rao, Kuantan, Kerinci-Minangkabau, Pesisir, Aneuk Jamee (Jamee), Painan, Penghulu, Mukomuko.
|-
| colspan=6 | <span style="font-size:smaller;">Source: Gordon (2005).<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/web.asp |last=Gordon |first=Raymond G. |title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |year=2005 |publisher=Dallas, Tex.: SIL International |format=online version |access-date=3 September 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012192013/http://www.ethnologue.com/web.asp |archive-date=12 October 2009 }}</ref></span>
|}
</div>

Despite widespread use of [[Malay language|Malay]] in both Malaysia and Indonesia, they do have their own mother tongue; the [[Minangkabau language]] shares many similar words with Malay, yet it has a distinctive pronunciation and some grammatical differences rendering it unintelligible to Malay speakers.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-01|title=Catatan Kritis untuk Buku 'Sejarah Minangkabau, Loanwords, dan Kreativitas Berbahasa Urang Awak'|url=https://padangkita.com/catatan-kritis-untuk-buku-sejarah-minangkabau-loanwords-dan-kreativitas-berbahasa-urang-awak/|access-date=2021-09-12|website=Padangkita.com|language=id-ID|archive-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912172250/https://padangkita.com/catatan-kritis-untuk-buku-sejarah-minangkabau-loanwords-dan-kreativitas-berbahasa-urang-awak/|url-status=live}}</ref>