Editing Milwaukee (section)

==Demographics==
{{See also|Irish in Milwaukee|Germans in Milwaukee|African Americans in Milwaukee}}
{{US Census population
| 1840 = 1700
| 1850 = 20061
| 1860 = 45246
| 1870 = 71440
| 1880 = 115587
| 1890 = 204468
| 1900 = 285315
| 1910 = 373857
| 1920 = 457147
| 1930 = 578249
| 1940 = 587472
| 1950 = 637392
| 1960 = 741324
| 1970 = 717099
| 1980 = 636212
| 1990 = 628088
| 2000 = 596974
| 2010 = 594833
| 2020 = 577222
| estyear = 2024
| estimate = 563531
| estref = <ref name="USCensusQuickFacts" />
| align-fn = center
| footnote = U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=United States Census Bureau|author-link=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 22, 2014}}</ref><br />2010–2020<ref name="QuickFacts" />
}}

Milwaukee is the [[List of United States cities by population|31st-most populous]] city in the United States, and anchors the [[Metropolitan statistical area|39th-most populous metropolitan statistical area]] in the US. Its [[combined statistical area]] population makes it the 29th-most populous in the US. The city's population has dropped at every census count since 1970. In 2012, Milwaukee was listed as a gamma city by the [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]].

===2020 census===
As of the [[2020 United States census]],<ref name="2020-census-5553000">{{cite web|title=2020 Decennial Census: Milwaukee city, Wisconsin|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US5553000&y=2020&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P1|website=data.census.gov|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=October 10, 2022}}</ref> the population was 577,222. The [[population density]] was {{convert|6,001.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 257,723 housing units at an average density of {{convert|2,679.5|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. Ethnically, the population was 20.1% [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race. When grouping both Hispanic and non-Hispanic people together by race, the city was 38.6% [[Black (U.S. Census)|Black]] or [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 36.1% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 5.2% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.9% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 9.0% from [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|other races]], and 10.1% from two or more races.

The 2020 census population of the city included 1,198 people incarcerated in adult correctional facilities and 9,625 people in university student housing.<ref name="2020-P5-5553000">{{cite web|title=Group Quarters Population, 2020 Census: Milwaukee city, Wisconsin|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US5553000&y=2020&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P5|website=data.census.gov|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=October 10, 2022}}</ref>

According to the [[American Community Survey]] estimates for 2016–2020, the median income for a household in the city was $43,125, and the median income for a family was $51,170. Male full-time workers had a median income of $42,859 versus $37,890 for female workers. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $24,167. About 19.6% of families and 24.6% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 35.1% of those under age 18 and 14.5% of those age 65 or over.<ref name="2020-EconChar-5553000">{{cite web|title=Selected Economic Characteristics, 2020 American Community Survey: Milwaukee city, Wisconsin|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US5553000&y=2020&d=ACS%205-Year%20Estimates%20Data%20Profiles&tid=ACSDP5Y2020.DP03|website=data.census.gov|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=October 10, 2022}}</ref> Of the population age 25 and over, 84.4% were high school graduates or higher and 24.6% had a bachelor's degree or higher.<ref name="2020-SocChar-5553000">{{cite web|title=Selected Social Characteristics, 2020 American Community Survey: Milwaukee city, Wisconsin|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US5553000&y=2020&d=ACS%205-Year%20Estimates%20Data%20Profiles&tid=ACSDP5Y2020.DP02|website=data.census.gov|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=October 10, 2022}}</ref>

===Racial and ethnic groups===
[[File:Ethnic Origins in Milwaukee.png|thumb|Ethnic origins in Milwaukee]]
[[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Milwaukee (5559895075).png|thumb|Map of racial distribution in Milwaukee, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ff0000|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#0000ff|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#00ffaa|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffa600|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffff07|Other}}]]

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible"; text-align:right; font-size:80%;
|+ Racial and ethnic composition as of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]<ref name="2020-census-5553000-P2">{{cite web|title=Hispanic or Latino or Not Hispanic or Latino By Race: Milwaukee city, Wisconsin|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US5553000&y=2020&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=data.census.gov|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=October 10, 2022}}</ref>
|-
! Race or Ethnicity<br /> ''(NH = Non-Hispanic)''
! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Race Alone
! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Total{{efn-ua|The total for each race includes those who reported that race alone or in combination with other races. People who reported a combination of multiple races may be counted multiple times, so the sum of all percentages will exceed 100%.}}
|-
| [[African Americans|Black or African American]] (NH)
|aline=right| {{bartable|37.8|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|aline=right| {{bartable|40.1|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] (NH)
|aline=right| {{bartable|32.3|%|2||background:gray}}
|aline=right| {{bartable|35.4|%|2||background:gray}}
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]]{{efn-ua|Hispanic and Latino origins are separate from race in the U.S. Census. The Census does not distinguish between Latino origins alone or in combination. This row counts Hispanics and Latinos of any race.}}
|aline=right| {{bartable}}
|aline=right| {{bartable|20.1|%|2||background:green}}
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]] (NH)
|aline=right| {{bartable|5.2|%|2||background:purple}}
|aline=right| {{bartable|5.8|%|2||background:purple}}
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] (NH)
|aline=right| {{bartable|0.4|%|2||background:gold}}
|aline=right| {{bartable|1.4|%|2||background:gold}}
|-
| [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] (NH)
|aline=right| {{bartable|0.03|%|2||background:pink}}
|aline=right| {{bartable|0.10|%|2||background:pink}}
|-
| Other
|aline=right| {{bartable|0.5|%|2||background:brown}}
|aline=right| {{bartable|1.0|%|2||background:brown}}
|}

According to the 2010 Census, 44.8% of the population was White (37.0% [[non-Hispanic white]]), 40.0% was Black or African American, 0.8% American Indian and Alaska Native, 3.5% Asian, 3.4% from two or more races. 17.3% of Milwaukee's population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race) (11.7% Mexican, 4.1% Puerto Rican).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/55/5553000.html|title=Milwaukee (city) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau|publisher=Quickfacts.census.gov|access-date=September 10, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140207151149/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/55/5553000.html|archive-date=February 7, 2014}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! Racial composition !! 2020 !! 2010 !! 2000 !! 1990 !! 1980
|-
| [[African American|Black or African American]] || 37.8% || 39.2% || 36.9% || 30.2% || 22.9%
|-
| [[White American|White (Non-Hispanic)]] || 32.3% || 37.0% || 45.5% || 60.8% || 71.4%
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] || 20.1% || 17.3% || 12.0% || 6.3% || 4.2%
|-
| [[Asian American|Asian]] || 5.2% || 3.5% || 2.9% || 1.8% || 0.7%
|-
|[[Multiracial American|Mixed]] ||3.6%||2.2%
|}

According to the 2006–2008 American Community Survey, 38.3% of Milwaukee's residents reported having [[African American]] ancestry and 20.8% reported [[German American|German]] ancestry. Other significant population groups include [[Polish American|Polish]] (8.8%), [[Irish American|Irish]] (6.5%), [[Italian American|Italian]] (3.6%), [[English American|English]] (2.8%), and [[French American|French]] (1.7%). According to the 2010 United States census, the largest Hispanic backgrounds in Milwaukee as of 2010 were: Mexican (69,680), Puerto Rican (24,672), Other Hispanic or Latino (3,808), Central American (1,962), South American (1,299), Cuban (866) and Dominican (720).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP10|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212214535/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP10|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 12, 2020|title=American FactFinder – Results|author=Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS)|access-date=April 5, 2020}}</ref> Per the 2022 American Community Survey five-year estimates, the [[German American]] population was 87,601.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2022.B04006?t=Ancestry&g=160XX00US5553000|title=B04006 People Reporting Ancestry 2022 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates – Milwaukee, Wisconsin|date=July 1, 2022|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |access-date=November 17, 2024}}</ref> Per the 2023 American Community Survey one-year estimates, the [[Mexican American]] population was 82,845, comprising over 60% of the city's Latino population.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT1Y2023.B03001?q=B03001&g=160XX00US5553000|title=B03001 Hispanic or Latino Origin by Specific Origin – 2022 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates – Milwaukee, Wisconsin |date=July 1, 2022 |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |access-date=December 10, 2024}}</ref>

The [[Milwaukee metropolitan area]] was cited as being the most segregated in the U.S. in a ''Jet Magazine'' article in 2002.<ref name="hypersegregation">{{cite news|url=http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_26_102/ai_95632042|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013223726/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_26_102/ai_95632042|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 13, 2007|publisher=Jet magazine|title=Milwaukee is most segregated city: U.S. Census analysis|date=December 16, 2002}}</ref> The source of this information was a segregation index developed in the mid-1950s and used since 1964. In 2003, a non-peer-reviewed study was conducted by hired researchers at the [[University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee]] which claimed Milwaukee is not "hypersegregated" and instead ranks as the 43rd most integrated city in America.<ref>{{cite news|last=Murphy|first=Bruce|title=Study explodes myth of area's 'hypersegregation'|url=http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=109872|date=January 12, 2003|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712153014/http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=109872|archive-date=July 12, 2006|newspaper=[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]|access-date=February 28, 2022}}</ref> According to research by demographer [[William H. Frey]] using the [[index of dissimilarity]] method and data from the [[2010 United States Census]], Milwaukee has the highest level of black-white segregation of any of the 100 largest metropolitan areas in the United States.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Frey|first1=William H.|title=Diversity Explosion: How New Racial Demographics Are Remaking America|date=2018|publisher=Brookings Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=978-0-8157-2398-1|page=177|edition=Second}}</ref> Through continued dialogue between Milwaukee's citizens, the city is trying to reduce racial tensions and the rate of segregation.<ref name="segregation">{{cite web|url=http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/CED/pdf/fairhousing.pdf|publisher=The Metropolitan Milwaukee Fair Housing Council|last=Levine|first=Marc V.|title=Citizens and MMFHC Respond to Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Article: Getting the Facts Right on Segregation in Milwaukee|work=Fair Housing Keys|date=May 2004}}</ref> With demographic changes in the wake of [[white flight]], segregation in metropolitan Milwaukee is primarily in the suburbs rather than the city as in the era of [[Father Groppi]].<ref name="integration">{{cite web|url=http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/ETI/integration/integration.htm|publisher=University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Employment and Training Institute|last=Pawasarat|first=John|title=Racial Integration in Urban America: A Block Level Analysis of African American and White Housing Patterns|date=January 2003|access-date=March 8, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724014400/http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/ETI/integration/integration.htm|archive-date=July 24, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="QuinnCensus">{{cite web|url=http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/ETI/integration/QuinnCensus.pdf|publisher=University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Employment and Training Institute|last=Quinn|first=Lois M.|title=Assumptions and Limitations of the Census Bureau Methodology Ranking Racial and Ethnic Residential Segregation in Cities and Metro Areas|date=October 2004|access-date=March 8, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010124806/http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/ETI/integration/QuinnCensus.pdf|archive-date=October 10, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2015, Milwaukee was rated as the "worst city for black Americans" based on disparities in employment and income levels.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.citylab.com/crime/2015/10/why-milwaukee-is-the-worst-place-to-live-for-african-americans/413218/|title=Why Milwaukee Is the Worst Place to Live for African Americans|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|date=October 30, 2015}}</ref> The city's black population experiences high levels of [[Incarceration in the United States|incarceration]] and a severe [[Achievement gap in the United States|educational achievement gap]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/03/05/390723644/why-is-milwaukee-so-bad-for-black-people|title=Why Is Milwaukee So Bad For Black People?|newspaper=NPR|date=March 5, 2015|last1=Downs|first1=Kenya}}</ref>

Per the 2022 [[American Community Survey]] five-year estimates, the [[Hmong American]] population was 11,469,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2022.B02018?q=B02018&g=160XX00US5553000|title=B02018 Total Asian Alone or in Any Combination Population – 2022 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates – Milwaukee, Wisconsin|date=July 1, 2022|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |access-date=November 17, 2024}}</ref> numerically the largest Hmong population of any city in Wisconsin. In 2013, Mark Pfeifer, the editor of the ''[[Hmong Studies Journal]]'', stated [[Hmong people|Hmong]] in Milwaukee had recently been moving to the northwest side of Milwaukee; they historically lived in the north and south areas of Milwaukee.<ref name=Pabst>Pabst, Georgia. "[http://www.jsonline.com/news/milwaukee/report-shows-growth-in-hmong-community-a388pb6-185823661.html Report shows growth in Hmong community]". ''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel'', January 6, 2013. Retrieved March 2, 2014.</ref> The [[Hmong American Peace Academy]]/[[International Peace Academy (Milwaukee)|International Peace Academy]], a K–12 school system in Milwaukee centered on the [[Hmong in Wisconsin|Hmong community]], opened in 2004.<ref name=Pabst />

Polish people, Slavs, European Jews, people from the Mediterranean including Greeks, Italians, and Syrians immigrated to Milwaukee after 1880.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://emke.uwm.edu/entry/peoples/#:~:text=After+1880,+Milwaukee's+migrant+streams,Greeks,+Italians,+and+Syrians.|title=Peoples}}</ref>

===Religion===
[[File:Milwaukee Cathedral 3.jpg|thumb|[[Basilica of St. Josaphat]] in Milwaukee's historic [[Lincoln Village, Milwaukee|Lincoln Village]] ]]

As of 2010, approximately 51.8% of residents in the Milwaukee area said they regularly attended religious services. 24.6% of the Milwaukee area population identified as [[Catholic]], 10.8% as [[Lutheran]], 1.6% as [[Methodist]], and 0.6% as [[Judaism|Jewish]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/m/33340/rcms2010_33340_metro_name_2010.asp|title=Metro-Area Membership Report: Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI CMSA|access-date=September 11, 2015|year=2012|publisher=[[Association of Religion Data Archives]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016085038/http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/m/33340/rcms2010_33340_metro_name_2010.asp|archive-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Milwaukee metro area contains the majority of the state's Jewish population,<ref name="Sheskin">{{cite book|last1=Sheskin|first1=Ira M.|last2=Dashefsky|first2=Arnold|title=American Jewish Year Book 2017|chapter=United States Jewish Population, 2017|chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-70663-4_5|date=2018|volume=117|pages=179–284|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-70663-4_5|isbn=978-3-319-70662-7|access-date=October 5, 2023|issn=0065-8987}}</ref> and has a long [[Jews in Milwaukee|history of Jewish immigration]] from German-speaking and Eastern European countries.<ref name="Cohen">{{cite web|last1=Cohen|first1=Sheila Terman|title=What Happened To Wisconsin's Once-Thriving Smaller Jewish Communities?|url=https://www.wiscontext.org/what-happened-wisconsins-once-thriving-smaller-jewish-communities|website=WisContext|access-date=August 1, 2022|language=en|date=September 25, 2019}}</ref>

The [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee]] is headquartered in the city. The [[School Sisters of St. Francis]] have their [[motherhouse]] in Milwaukee, and several other religious orders have a significant presence in the area, including the [[Jesuits]] and [[Franciscan]]s. Milwaukee, where [[Joseph Kentenich]] was exiled for 14 years from 1952 to 1965, is also the center for the [[Schoenstatt Movement]] in the US. Milwaukee is home to numerous historic Catholic parishes, including the [[Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist (Milwaukee)|Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist]]. The oldest church building in Milwaukee is [[St. Joan of Arc Chapel]], which was built {{circa|1420}} in France and presently located on the [[Marquette University]] campus. The [[Basilica of St. Josaphat]] was the first church to be given [[Basilicas in the Catholic Church|basicila designation]] in Wisconsin and the third in the US. [[Holy Hill National Shrine of Mary, Help of Christians]], northwest of Milwaukee in [[Hubertus, Wisconsin]], was also made a basilica in 2006.

The [[Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee]] is based in the city, as are several [[Lutheran]] bodies, including the [[Greater Milwaukee Synod]] of the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]]; the [[South Wisconsin District of the Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod|South Wisconsin District]] of the [[Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod]], which operates [[Concordia University Wisconsin]] in the suburb of [[Mequon, Wisconsin|Mequon]]; and the [[Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod]], which was founded in Milwaukee in 1850 and has headquarters in the suburb of [[Waukesha, Wisconsin|Waukesha]]. [[Milwaukee Lutheran High School]] and [[Wisconsin Lutheran High School]] are the nation's oldest Lutheran high schools.

The [[St. Sava Serbian Orthodox Cathedral (Milwaukee)|St. Sava Serbian Orthodox Cathedral]] is a landmark of the Serbian community in Milwaukee, located by the American Serb hall, which the congregation also operated until putting it up for sale in January 2021 due to financial challenges caused by the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Meyer|first=Maredithe|date=January 26, 2021|title=Iconic Milwaukee venue Serb Hall up for sale|url=https://biztimes.com/iconic-milwaukee-venue-serb-hall-up-for-sale/|access-date=March 2, 2021|website=BizTimes – Milwaukee Business News|language=en-US}}</ref>

[[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] has a presence in the Milwaukee area. The Milwaukee area has two stakes, with fourteen wards and four branches among them. The closest temple is the [[Chicago Illinois Temple]]. The area is part of the [[Mission (LDS Church)|Wisconsin Milwaukee Mission]].<ref name="LDS">{{cite web|url=http://www.lds.org|title=The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Official Website|access-date=April 11, 2011|year=2011}}</ref>