Editing Megabat (section)

====Postcrania====
[[File:Pteropus samoensis-3.jpg|thumb|alt=An articulated bat skeleton on a black background.|Skeleton of the [[Samoa flying fox]] (''Pteropus samoensis'')]]
The [[scapula]]e (shoulder blades) of megabats have been described as the most primitive of any chiropteran family.<ref name="Wimsatt"/> The shoulder is overall of simple construction, but has some specialized features. The primitive insertion of the [[omohyoid muscle]] from the [[clavicle]] (collarbone) to the scapula is [[Anatomical terms of location#Medial and lateral|laterally]] displaced (more towards the side of the body)—a feature [[Convergent evolution|also seen]] in the [[Phyllostomidae]]. The shoulder also has a well-developed system of muscular slips (narrow bands of muscle that augment larger muscles) that anchor the tendon of the occipitopollicalis muscle (muscle in bats that runs from base of neck to the base of the thumb)<ref name="Hall">{{cite book| title=Flying Foxes: Fruit and Blossom Bats of Australia| first1=L. S.| last1= Hall| first2= G.| last2= Richards| year=2000| publisher=[[University of New South Wales|UNSW Press]]|isbn=9780868405612}}</ref> to the skin.<ref name="Nelson"/>

While microbats only have claws on the [[thumb]]s of their forelimbs, most megabats have a clawed second digit as well;<ref name="Wimsatt">{{cite book|editor-last1=Wimsatt| editor-first1= W.| year=1970| title= Biology of Bats| publisher= [[Academic Press]]| isbn=9780323151191|pages=103–136|chapter=Chapter 3: The Skeletal System| last=Vaughan| first=T.}}</ref> only ''Eonycteris'', ''Dobsonia'', ''Notopteris'', and ''Neopteryx'' lack the second claw.<ref name="Nowak">{{cite book|first1=R. M.| last1= Nowak| first2= E.| last2= Pillsbury Walker| year=1999|title=Walker's Mammals of the World| volume=1| publisher=JHU Press| isbn=9780801857898|page=258}}</ref> The first digit is the shortest, while the third digit is the longest. The second digit is incapable of [[flexion]].<ref name="Wimsatt"/> Megabats' thumbs are longer relative to their forelimbs than those of microbats.<ref name="Hall"/>

Megabats' hindlimbs have the same skeletal components as humans. Most megabat species have an additional structure called the [[calcar]], a cartilage spur arising from the [[calcaneus]].<ref name="Bennett"/> Some authors alternately refer to this structure as the uropatagial spur to differentiate it from microbats' calcars, which are structured differently. The structure exists to stabilize the uropatagium, allowing bats to adjust the [[Camber (aerodynamics)|camber]] of the membrane during flight. Megabats lacking the calcar or spur include ''Notopteris'', ''Syconycteris'', and ''[[Harpyionycteris]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1023/A:1020566902992|year=1998|last1=Schutt|first1=W. A.|journal=[[Journal of Mammalian Evolution]]|volume=5|page=2|last2=Simmons|first2=N. B.| title=Morphology and Homology of the Chiropteran Calca, with Comments on the Phylogenetic Relationships of ''Archaeopteropus''|s2cid=20426664}}</ref> The entire leg is rotated at the hip compared to normal mammal orientation, meaning that the knees face [[Anatomical terms of location#Anterior and posterior|posteriorly]]. All five digits of the foot flex in the direction of the [[sagittal plane]], with no digit capable of flexing in the opposite direction, as in the feet of perching birds.<ref name="Bennett">{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.1993.tb02633.x|title=Structural modifications involved in the fore- and hind limb grip of some flying foxes (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)|journal=[[Journal of Zoology]]|volume=229|issue=2|pages=237–248|year=1993|last1=Bennett|first1=M. B.}}</ref>