Editing Medina (section)

====Umayyad Caliphate====
After [[Hasan ibn Ali|al-Hasan]], the son of 'Ali, ceded power to [[Muawiyah I|Mu'awiyah I]], son of [[Abu Sufyan ibn Harb|Abu Sufyan]], Mu'awiyah marched into [[Kufa]], Ali's capital, and received the allegiance of the local 'Iraqis. This is considered to be the beginning of the Umayyad caliphate. Mu'awiyah's governors took special care of Medina and dug the 'Ayn az-Zarqa'a ("Blue Spring") [[Spring (hydrology)|spring]] along with a project that included the creation of underground [[Aqueduct (water supply)|ducts]] for the purposes of irrigation. Dams were built in some of the [[wadi]]s and the subsequent agricultural boom led to the strengthening of the economy.
[[File:Gold dinar of Umar II.jpg|thumb|The [[Gold dinar]] of [[Umar II]], also known as 'Umar ibn Abdulaziz or the Fifth of the Rightly Guided Caliphs.]]
Following a period of unrest during the [[Second Fitna]] in 679, Husayn ibn 'Ali was martyred at [[Battle of Karbala|Karbala]] and Yazid assumed unchecked control for the next three years. In 682, [[Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr]] declared himself Caliph of Mecca and the people of Medina swore allegiance to him. This led to an eight-year-long period of economic distress for the city. In 692, the Umayyads regained power and Medina experienced its second period of huge economic growth. Trade improved and more people moved into the city. The banks of Wadi al-'Aqiq were now lush with greenery. This period of peace and prosperity coincided with the rule of [[Umar II|'Umar ibn Abdulaziz]], who many consider to be the fifth of the [[Rashidun]].<ref name=":5" />