Editing Mangrove (section)

==Species distribution==
{{see also|Mangrove tree distribution}}
[[File:Global distribution of native mangrove species.png|thumb|upright=2|right|Global distribution of native mangrove species, 2010.<ref name=Polidoro2010>{{cite journal |doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0010095|doi-access = free|title = The Loss of Species: Mangrove Extinction Risk and Geographic Areas of Global Concern|year = 2010|last1 = Polidoro|first1 = Beth A.|last2 = Carpenter|first2 = Kent E.|last3 = Collins|first3 = Lorna|last4 = Duke|first4 = Norman C.|last5 = Ellison|first5 = Aaron M.|last6 = Ellison|first6 = Joanna C.|last7 = Farnsworth|first7 = Elizabeth J.|last8 = Fernando|first8 = Edwino S.|last9 = Kathiresan|first9 = Kandasamy|last10 = Koedam|first10 = Nico E.|last11 = Livingstone|first11 = Suzanne R.|last12 = Miyagi|first12 = Toyohiko|last13 = Moore|first13 = Gregg E.|last14 = Ngoc Nam|first14 = Vien|last15 = Ong|first15 = Jin Eong|last16 = Primavera|first16 = Jurgenne H.|last17 = Salmo|first17 = Severino G.|last18 = Sanciangco|first18 = Jonnell C.|last19 = Sukardjo|first19 = Sukristijono|last20 = Wang|first20 = Yamin|last21 = Yong|first21 = Jean Wan Hong|journal = PLOS ONE|volume = 5|issue = 4|pages = e10095|pmid = 20386710|pmc = 2851656|bibcode = 2010PLoSO...510095P}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License].</ref><br /> Colour-coded number ranges indicate number of species.<br />Not shown are introduced ranges: ''[[Rhizophora stylosa]]'' in French Polynesia, ''[[Bruguiera sexangula]]'', ''[[Conocarpus erectus]]'', and ''[[Rhizophora mangle]]'' in Hawaii, ''[[Sonneratia|Sonneratia apelata]]'' in China, and ''[[Nypa fruticans]]'' in Cameroon and Nigeria.]]

Mangroves are a type of tropical vegetation with some outliers established in subtropical latitudes, notably in South Florida and southern Japan, as well as South Africa, New Zealand and Victoria (Australia). These outliers result either from unbroken coastlines and island chains or from reliable supplies of propagules floating on warm ocean currents from rich mangrove regions.<ref name="Tomlinson2016"/>{{rp|57}}

[[File:Indonesia Mangrove Distribution.png|thumb|upright=2|left|Location and relative density of mangroves in South-east Asia and Australasia – based on Landsat satellite images, 2010<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/47427/mapping-mangroves-by-satellite|title=Mapping Mangroves by Satellite|date=30 November 2010|website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov}}</ref>]]

[[File:Global distribution of threatened mangrove species.png|thumb|upright=2|right|Global distribution of threatened mangrove species, 2010<ref name=Polidoro2010 />]]

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"At the limits of distribution, the formation is represented by scrubby, usually monotypic ''Avicennia''-dominated vegetation, as at Westonport Bay and Corner Inlet, Victoria, Australia. The latter locality is the highest latitude (38° 45'S) at which mangroves occur naturally. The mangroves in New Zealand, which extend as far south as 37°, are of the same type; they start as low forest in the northern part of the North Island but become low scrub toward their southern limit. In both instances, the species is referred to as ''Avicennia marina'' var. ''australis'', although genetic comparison is clearly needed. In Western Australia, ''A. marina '' extends as far south as Bunbury (33° 19'S). In the northern hemisphere, scrubby ''Avicennia gerrninans'' in Florida occurs as far north as St. Augustine on the east coast and Cedar Point on the west. There are records of ''A. germinans'' and ''Rhizophora'' mangle for Bermuda, presumably supplied by the Gulf Stream. In southern Japan, ''Kandelia obovata'' occurs to about 31 °N (Tagawa in Hosakawa et al., 1977, but initially referred to as ''K. candel'')."<ref name=Tomlinson2016 />{{rp|57}}