Editing Manchu people (section)

===Paternal Y Haplogroups===
A study on the Manchu population of [[Liaoning]] reported that they have a close genetic relationship and significant admixture signals from Northern Han Chinese. The Liaoning Manchu were formed from a major ancestral component related to [[Yellow River]] farmers and a minor ancestral component linked to ancient populations from the [[Amur|Amur River]] Basin, or others. The Manchu were therefore an exception to the coherent genetic structure of Tungusic-speaking populations, likely due to the large-scale population migrations and genetic admixtures in the past centuries.<ref>{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Zhang X, He G, Li W, Wang Y, Li X, Chen Y, Qu Q, Wang Y, Xi H, Wang CC, Wen Y |date=30 September 2021 |title=Genomic Insight Into the Population Admixture History of Tungusic-Speaking Manchu People in Northeast China |journal=Frontiers in Genetics |volume=12 |pages=754492 |doi=10.3389/fgene.2021.754492 |pmc=8515022 |pmid=34659368 |doi-access=free}} {{CC-notice|cc=by4}}</ref>

A 2010 paper by Hua Zhong et al. reports that in a sample of 111 Liaoning Manchus and 25 Heilongjiang Manchus, 25 Liaoning Manchus (22.52%) and 11 Heilongjiang Manchus (44.00%) had [[Haplogroup_C-M217|Y haplogroup C]]. The same paper reports that in a sample of 115 Han Chinese from [[Shandong]] and 66 Han Chinese from [[Henan]], 13 of the Shandong Han (11.30%) and 8 of the Henan Han (12.12%) had haplogroup C, suggesting that the old Manchus might have had a higher proportion of haplogroup C than typically found in the [[Zhongyuan|Chinese Central Plains]]. The same paper also reports that Han Chinese in the three provinces of Manchuria (Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang) had higher proportions of Haplogroup C than the Shandong and Henan samples, suggesting that many Han Chinese in Manchuria could have paternal ancestry from native ethnic groups of Manchuria. In this study, 22.50% of the Liaoning Han (9/40), 16.67% of the Jilin Han (14/84), and 15.32% of the Heilongjiang Han (19/124) had haplogroup C.{{sfn|Zhong|Shi|2010|pp=428–435}}

The Y DNA of the royal [[House_of_Aisin-Gioro |Aisin Gioro clan]] is believed to be C2b1a3a2-F8951, which is a subclade of C2a-L1373, the "northern" branch of haplogroup C2-M217. The Aisin Gioro paternal lineage is also closely related to that of the Ao clan of the [[Daur_people|Daghur ethnic group]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Chi-Zao |last2=Wei |first2=Lan-Hai |last3=Wang |first3=Ling-Xiang |last4=Wen |first4=Shao-Qing |last5=Yu |first5=Xue-Er |last6=Shi |first6=Mei-Sen |last7=Li |first7=Hui |title=Relating Clans Ao and Aisin Gioro from northeast China by whole Y-chromosome sequencing |journal=Journal of Human Genetics |date=August 2019  |volume=64 |issue=8 |pages=775–780 |doi=10.1038/s10038-019-0622-4 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31148597/ |publisher=Japan Society of Human Genetics |pmid=31148597|s2cid=171094135 }}</ref> In the database of the Chinese DNA company 23Mofang, 1/3 of the [[Gūwalgiya|Gūwalgiya clan]] have haplogroup C-F11330, which also descended from the northern C2a-L1373.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/library-surname/5f5f0a8bff5a3344d62dd77e | title=瓜尔佳姓氏详情| access-date= 3 February 2025}}</ref> In the 23Mofang database, 40% of the [[Yehe_Nara_clan|Yehe Nara clan]] have haplogroup C, and 20% have C-MF46267, which descended from C-M407, the same branch as [[Dayan_Khan|Dayan Khan]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.23mofang.com/ancestry/library-surname/5f633a78ff5a3344d6f09e9b | title=叶赫那拉姓氏详情| access-date= 3 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wei |first1=Lan-Hai |last2=Yan |first2=Shi |display-authors=1 |title=Whole-sequence analysis indicates that the Y chromosome C2*-Star Cluster traces back to ordinary Mongols, rather than Genghis Khan |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |date=22 January 2018  |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=230–237 |doi=10.1038/s41431-017-0012-3 |publisher=Nature Journal |pmid=29358612 |pmc=5839053 }}</ref> C-M407 is also predominant among [[Buryats]] and [[Oirats]], suggesting that they may share similar paternal origins with the Yehe Nara clan.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Yun-Zhi |last2=Wei |first2=Ryan Lan-Hai |display-authors=1 |title=Whole sequence analysis indicates a recent southern origin of Mongolian Y-chromosome C2c1a1a1-M407 |journal=Molecular Genetics and Genomics.  |date=June 2018 |volume=293 |issue=3 |pages=657–663 |doi=10.1007/s00438-017-1403-4 |pmid=29288348 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322135279 }}</ref>