Editing Lynching (section)

====South Africa====
{{Main|Necklacing}}
The practice of whipping and [[necklacing]] offenders and political opponents evolved in the 1980s during the [[apartheid]] era in [[South Africa]]. Residents of Black townships formed "people's courts" and used whip lashings and deaths by necklacing in order to terrorize fellow Blacks who were seen as collaborators with the government. Necklacing is the [[torture]] and execution of a victim by igniting a kerosene-filled rubber tire that has been forced around the victim's chest and arms. Necklacing was used to punish victims who were alleged to be traitors to the Black liberation movement along with their relatives and associates. Sometimes the "people's courts" made mistakes, or they used the system to punish those whom the anti-Apartheid movement's leaders opposed.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1991/southafrica1/6.htm |chapter=4. Background: The Black Struggle For Political Power: Major Forces in the Conflict |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1991/southafrica1/index.htm |title=The Killings in South Africa: The Role of the Security Forces and the Response of the State |work=[[Human Rights Watch]] |date=January 8, 1991 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |isbn=0-929692-76-4 |access-date=November 6, 2006}}</ref> A tremendous controversy arose when the practice was endorsed by [[Winnie Mandela]], then the wife of the then-imprisoned [[Nelson Mandela]] and a senior member of the [[African National Congress]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://century.guardian.co.uk/1980-1989/Story/0,,110268,00.html |title=Row over 'mother of the nation' Winnie Mandela |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=January 27, 1989 |access-date=March 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061008111400/http://century.guardian.co.uk/1980-1989/Story/0,,110268,00.html |archive-date=October 8, 2006 |first=David |last=Beresford |author-link=David Beresford (journalist) |publisher=[[Guardian Newspapers Limited]]}}</ref>

In 1996, Rashaad Staggie was killed by a crowd of [[People Against Gangsterism and Drugs]] members.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Berg |first1=M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LcNfAQAAQBAJ&dq=lynched+by+People+Against+Gangsterism+and+Drugs&pg=PT152 |title=Globalizing Lynching History: Vigilantism and Extralegal Punishment from an International Perspective |last2=Wendt |first2=S. |date=November 15, 2011 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-137-00124-5 |language=en}}</ref>

Kemp (2024)<ref>Kemp, Karl. 2024. Why We Kill: Mob Justice and the New Vigilantism in South Africa. Penguin Random House.</ref> reports increasing, shockingly high numbers of mob justice murders—from 849 in April 2017-March 2018, to 1,202 in April 2019-March 2020, to 1,293 in 2021, to 1,849 in 2022, to 588 for January–March 2023.<ref>Kemp (2024:15-16).</ref> As Kemp summarizes, "In the 2017/18 financial year, there were approximately 2.3 mob justice murders every day in South Africa. In the 2021 calendar year, there were 3.4. And in 2022, that had increased to 5.2 – more than double the rate of five years ago."<ref>Ibid.:16.</ref>