Editing Lviv (section)

====Soviet occupation and incorporation====
{{further|Battle of Lwów (1939)}}
[[Invasion of Poland|Germany invaded Poland]] on 1 September 1939 and by 14 September Lwów was completely encircled by [[German Army (1935–1945)|German Army]] units.<ref>Robert M. Kennedy, The German Campaign in Poland (1939), Major Infantry United States Army DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY DC 1956.</ref> Subsequently, the [[Soviet invasion of Poland|Soviets invaded Poland]] on 17 September. On 22 September 1939 Lwów capitulated to the [[Red Army]]. The [[Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union|USSR annexed the eastern half of the Second Polish Republic]] with Ukrainian and Belarusian populations. The city became the capital of the newly formed [[Lviv Oblast]]. The Soviets reopened uni-lingual Ukrainian schools, which had been discontinued by the Polish government.

The only change over imposed by the Soviets was the language of instruction, with the actual net loss of about 1,000 schools in short order.<ref name="p201">{{citation |url=https://archive.org/details/polandsholocaust00piot |url-access=registration |quote=Ukraini-anized. |title=Poland's Holocaust |publisher=McFarland |work=Ukrainian collaboration |year=1998 |first=Tadeusz |last=Piotrowski |author-link=Tadeusz Piotrowski (sociologist) |pages=[https://archive.org/details/polandsholocaust00piot/page/201 201]–202 |isbn=0-7864-0371-3}}</ref> Ukrainian was made compulsory in the [[University of Lviv]] with almost all its books in Polish{{Citation needed|date=April 2018}}. It became thoroughly [[Ukrainization|Ukrainized]] and was renamed after Ukrainian writer [[Ivan Franko]]. Polish academics were laid off.<ref name="magocsi">Paul Robert Magocsi. (1996). ''A History of Ukraine''. Toronto: University of Toronto Press</ref> Soviet rule turned out to be much more oppressive than Polish rule; the rich world of Ukrainian publications in Polish Lwów, for instance, was gone in Soviet Lviv, and many journalism jobs were lost with it.<ref name="Amar">{{cite book |title=The Paradox of Ukrainian Lviv: A Borderland City between Stalinists, Nazis, and Nationalists |author=Tarik Cyril Amar |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-5017-0083-5 |chapter=The Ukrainian encounter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bvTvCgAAQBAJ&q=oppressive+world |pages=87–88 |access-date=20 September 2020 |archive-date=4 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304214138/https://books.google.com/books?id=bvTvCgAAQBAJ&q=oppressive+world |url-status=live }}</ref>