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=== Middle Ages=== The European Early Middle Ages are generally taken to run from the end of the [[Roman Empire]], around 400 AD, to around 1000 AD. During this period, Christianity made a significant impact on European culture. ====Early medieval Europe==== * [[Architecture of latin Armenia|Latin Armenian]] 4th–16th centuries * [[Anglo-Saxon architecture|Anglo-Saxon]] 450s–1066 (England) * [[Architecture of Bulgaria|Bulgarian]] from 681 ** [[Culture of the First Bulgarian Empire|First Bulgarian Empire]] 681–1018 * [[Pre-Romanesque art and architecture|Pre-Romanesque]] c. 700–1000 (Merovingian and Carolingian empires) ** [[Iberian pre-Romanesque art and architecture|Iberian pre-Romanesque]] ** [[Merovingian art and architecture|Merovingian]] 5th–8th centuries (France, Germany, Italy and neighbouring locations) ** [[Visigothic art and architecture|Visigothic]] 5th–8th centuries (Spain and Portugal) ** [[Asturian architecture|Asturian]] 711–910 (North Spain, North Portugal) ** [[Carolingian architecture|Carolingian]] 780s–9th century (mostly France, Germany) ** [[Ottonian architecture|Ottonian]] 950s–1050s (mostly Germany, also considered Early Romanesque)<ref>Hans Erich Kubach. ''Architektur der Romanik'', 1973/1974, 3-7630-1705-7, p. 63–144 ''Die erste Romanische Kunst – Frühromanische Architektur''</ref> * [[Repoblación art and architecture|Repoblación]] 880s–11th century (Spain) ====Medieval Europe==== The dominance of the Church over everyday life was expressed in grand spiritual designs which emphasized piety and sobriety. The Romanesque style was simple and austere. The Gothic style heightened the effect with heavenly spires, pointed arches and religious carvings.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=zyHqAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA75 Robert Stuart (1854), ''Cyclopedia of architecture: historical, descriptive, typographical, decorative, theoretical and mechanical, alphabetically arranged, familiarly explained, and adapted to the comprehension of workmen'', A. S. Barnes & Co, p. 75]</ref> {{Col-begin}} {{Col-1-of-2}} * [[Medieval architecture|Medieval]] =====Byzantine===== * Late [[Byzantine architecture]] before 1520 (see above) ** [[Architecture of Kievan Rus'|Kievan Rus' architecture]] 988–1237 ** [[Architecture of the Tarnovo Artistic School|Tarnovo Artistic School]] 12th–14th century (Bulgaria) ** [[Rascian architecture|Rashka School]] 12th–15th centuries (Serbian principalities) ** [[Morava school|Morava School]] (Serbian principalities/Bulgaria) =====Romanesque===== * Pre-Romanesque (see above) * [[First Romanesque]] 1000–? (France, Italy, Spain) ** (including "Lombard Romanesque" in Italy) * [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] 1000–1300 * [[Norman architecture|Norman]] 1074–1250 (Normandy, UK, Ireland, South Italy and Sicily) * [[Norman–Arab–Byzantine culture|Norman–Arab–Byzantine]] 1071–1200 (Sicily, Malta, South Italy) * [[Cistercian architecture|Cistercian Romanesque style]] c. 1120–c. 1240 (Europe)<ref name="Pontigny">[https://gebaut.eu/pontigny_romanik_gotik/pontigny_romanik_gotik.html Gebaut, ''Burgundische Romanik – Pontigny – Zisterziensergotik'']</ref> =====Timber styles===== * [[Stave church]]es, oldest 845([[Dendrochronology|d]]) in England, in Norway one 11th century, several 12th century, some with Romanesque elements * [[Timber framing|Timber frame styles]], mostly Gothic or later (UK, France, Germany, the Netherlands) {{Col-2-of-2}} =====Gothic===== 1135/40–1520 * [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] * [[Cistercian Gothic]] 1138–15th century<ref name="Pontigny"/> (various European countries) * [[Plantagenet Style|Angevin Gothic or Plantagenet Style]] since 1148 (western France) * [[Early English Period]] c. 1190–c. 1250 * [[Gotico Angioiano]] since 1266 (southern Italy) * [[Decorated Period]] c. 1290–c. 1350 * [[Perpendicular Period]] c. 1350–c. 1550 * [[Rayonnant|Rayonnant Gothic]] 1240–c. 1350 (France, Germany, Central Europe) * [[Venetian Gothic architecture|Venetian Gothic]] 14th–15th centuries (Venice in Italy) * [[Spanish Gothic architecture|Spanish Gothic]] ** [[Mudéjar art|Mudéjar Style]] c. 1200–1700 (Spain, Portugal, Latin America)<ref name="mudéjar">Really, Mudéjar style had phases according to the general European styles, there was Romanesque Mudéjar, Gothic Mudéjar and even Renaissance Mudéjar.</ref> ** [[Mudéjar Architecture of Aragon|Aragonese Mudéjar]] c. 1200–1700 (Aragon in Spain)<ref name="mudéjar"/> ** [[Isabelline Gothic]] 1474–1505 (reign) (Spain) ** [[Plateresque]] 1490–1560 (Spain & colonies, bridging Gothic and Renaissance styles) * [[Brick Gothic]] mid 13th to 16th century (Germany, Netherlands, Flanders, Poland, northern Europe) * [[Brabantine Gothic]] (Belgium and Netherlands) 14th century * [[Flamboyant|Flamboyant Gothic]] 1400–1500 (Spain, France, Portugal) * [[Manueline]] 1495–1521 (Portugal and colonies) {{Col-end}} ==== Asian architecture During its Late classical and medieval ages ==== {{Col-begin}} {{Col-1-of-2}} ===== Japanese ===== * [[Shinden-zukuri]] ([[Heian Period]] Japan) ===== Chinese ===== * [[Architecture of the Song dynasty|Songnic architecture]] ===== Korean ===== * [[Hanok]] ==== South Asia ==== * [[Architecture of Bengal|Bengalese]] * [[Architecture of Karnataka|Karnataka]] * [[Architecture of Kerala|Kerala]] * [[Architecture of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]] * [[Pakistani architecture|Pakistani]] * [[Khmer architecture|Khmer]] * [[Candi of Indonesia|Indonesian]] * [[Myanmar architecture]] ===== Late Dravidian temple styles ===== * [[Badami Chalukya architecture|Badami Chalukya]] or "Deccan architecture" (450–700CE) * [[Rashtrakuta Dynasty|Rashtrakuta]] 750–983 (Central and South India) * [[Western Chalukya architecture|Western Chalukya]] or Gadag (1050-1200CE) * [[Hoysala architecture|Hoysala]] (900–1300CE) * [[Vijayanagara architecture|Vijayanagara]] 1336–1565 (South India) {{Col-2-of-2}} =====( Dravidian influenced) South Asian Architecture styles===== * [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan]] (321–185 BC) * [[Kalinga Architecture]] ( present day Orissa and Andhra Pradesh) ** Rekha Deula ** Pidha Deula ** Khakhara Deula * [[Hemadpanthi]] (1200–1270 CE) (Maharashtra) * [[Sikh architecture]] * [[Bengal temple architecture]]: 1400 to present ** Nagara Style ** [[Māru-Gurjara architecture]] 900 to present (Rajasthan and Gujarat) ** [[Vesara|Vesara Style]] (Dravidian fusion styles) ** [[Badami Chalukya architecture]]{{Col-end}} ====Islamic architecture 620–1918==== * Central styles (multi-regional) ** Prophetic era – based in Medina (c. 620–630) ** [[Rashidun]] period – based in Medina (c. 630–660) ** [[Umayyad architecture]] – based in Damascus (c. 660–750) ** [[Abbasid architecture]] – based in Baghdad (c. 750–1256) ** [[Mamluk architecture]] – based in Cairo (c. 1256–1517) ** [[Ottoman architecture]] – based in Istanbul (c. 1517–1918) * Regional styles ** Egypt incl. empires ruled from Egypt *** Early [[Islamic architecture]] ([[Rashidun]] + [[Umayyad]]) (641–750) *** [[Abbasid architecture]] (750–954) *** [[Fatimid architecture]] (954–1170) *** [[Ayyubid]] architecture (1174–1250); category see [[:Category:Ayyubid architecture|here]] *** [[Mamluk architecture]] (1254–1517) *** [[Ottoman architecture]] (1517–1820) ** North Africa ([[Maghrib]]) *** Umayyad architecture (705–750) *** Abbasid architecture (750–909) *** Fatimid architecture (909–1048) *** [[Amazigh]] architecture (1048–1550) **** [[Zirid]] architecture (1048–1148, Middle Maghreb) **** Almoravid architecture (1040–1147, Far Maghreb) **** [[Almohad architecture]] (1121–1269, Far Maghreb) **** [[Hafsid]]s 1229–1574 (Near and Middle Maghreb) **** [[Marinid]]s (1244–1465, Middle and Far Maghreb) **** [[Zayyanid]]s (1235–1550, Middle Maghreb) *** [[Ottoman architecture]] (1550–1830, Near and Middle Maghreb) *** Local styles under local dynasties (1549–present, Far Maghreb) ** Islamic Spain *** Umayyad architecture (756–1031) *** Taifa Kingdoms-1 (1031–1090) *** Almoravid architecture (1090–1147) *** Taifa Kingdoms-2 (1140–1203) *** [[Almohad architecture]] (1147–1238), *** Taifa Kingdoms-3 (1232–1492) **** Granada architecture (1287–1492) ** Persia and Central Asia *** Khurasani architecture (Late 7th–10th century) *** Razi Style (10th–13th century) **** [[Samanid]] architecture (10th c.) **** [[Ghaznawid]] architecture (11th c.) **** [[Seljuk Empire|Seljuk]] architecture (11th–12th c.) **** Mongol-period architecture (13th c.) *** [[Timurid Empire|Timurid]] Style (14th–16th c.) *** [[Isfahan]]i Style (17th–19th c.) ** Islamic-influenced architecture in [[South Asia]] *** [[Indo-Islamic architecture]] (1204–1857) **** [[Mughal architecture]] (1526–1707) ** Turkey *** [[Anatolian Seljuk architecture]] (1071–1299) *** [[Ottoman architecture]] (1299–1922) *** [[First national architectural movement]] (1908–1940) ====Pre-Columbian Indigenous American Styles ==== {{Main|Indigenous architecture}} * [[Aztec architecture|Aztec]] (ca. 14th century – 1521) * [[Maya architecture|Maya]] * [[Pueblo architecture|Pueblo]] * [[Puuc]]
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