Editing List of Bulgarian monarchs (section)

=== House of Asen (1185–1256) ===
{{Main|Asen dynasty}}

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|- style="background:#D4F2CE;"
! style="background:#D4F2CE; width:6%;" | Image
! style="background:#D4F2CE; width:18%" | Name
! style="background:#D4F2CE; width:14%;" | Reign
! style="background:#D4F2CE; width:62%;" | Succession and notes
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|[[File:Coin of Peter II (IV).png|80px]]
|'''[[Peter II of Bulgaria|Peter II]]'''{{efn|Enumerated as '''Peter IV''' if the rebels [[Peter Delyan]] (Peter II) and [[Constantine Bodin]] (Peter III) are also counted.<ref name="Mladjov-2015" />}}<br /><small>Петър</small>
|1185–1197<br /><small>(12 years)</small>
|Aristocrat, probably of [[Vlachs|Vlach]] origin,<ref name="Fine-1991" /><ref name="Vasary-2005" /> with no relation to previous monarchs.<ref name="Vasary-2005" />{{efn|The House of Asen has in the past sometimes been suggested to have descended from the monarchs of the First Bulgarian Empire given that [[Kaloyan of Bulgaria|Kaloyan]] (1196–1207) was identified by [[Pope Innocent III]] (1198–1216) in a letter as descended from them. This is conventionally interpreted as the pope merely recognizing Kaloyan as the legitimate successor (and not a genealogical descendant) of the earlier ''tsar''s, in a way common for the time.<ref name="Vasary-2005" />}} [[Uprising of Asen and Peter|Revolted]] against the Byzantine Empire alongside his brother [[Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria|Ivan Asen]] 1185 after being slighted by Emperor [[Isaac II Angelos]]. Proclaimed himself Bulgarian emperor in November 1185. After years of fighting, Isaac in 1188 recognized the brothers as rulers of an independent Bulgarian state, though skirmishes continued thereafter. Ivan Asen was later made the senior co-ruler (ruling from [[Veliko Tarnovo|Tarnovo]]), with Peter ruling from [[Veliki Preslav|Preslav]].<ref name="Fine-1991" /> Murdered in 1197.<ref name="Various-2021">{{Cite book |last=Various |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gN4zEAAAQBAJ |title=Routledge Library Editions: Historiography |date=2021 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-26808-6 |pages=111 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Coin of Ivan Asen I.png|80px]]
|'''[[Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria|Ivan Asen I]]'''<br /><small>Иван Асен</small>
|{{Circa}} 1188–1196<br /><small>(c. 8 years)</small>
|Brother of Peter II;<ref name="Mladjov-2015" /> co-leader in their [[Uprising of Asen and Peter|revolt]] against the Byzantine Empire. Made senior co-ruler at some point between 1187 and early 1190.<ref name="Fine-1991" /> Murdered in 1196.<ref name="Various-2021" />
|-
|[[File:Leaden seal of Kaloyan.png|80px]]
|'''[[Kaloyan of Bulgaria|Kaloyan]]''' (Ivan I)<ref name="Mladjov-2015" />{{efn|In his formal titulature, Kaloyan referred to himself by the name ''Kaloyan'' (rendered in Latin as ''Calojoannes'').<ref name="CurtaFlorin"/> He is additionally counted as "Ivan I" since Ivan (without a double name) was his original name; "Kaloyan" derives from the Greek ''Kaloïōannēs'' and is an ornate and flattering nickname meaning "John [Ivan] the Good".<ref name="Mladjov-2015" />}}<br /><small>Калоян (Иван)</small>
|1196–1207<br /><small>(9 years)</small>
|Brother of Peter II and Ivan Asen I.<ref name="Mladjov-2015" /> Foiled efforts at separatism by some of the nobility and consolidated royal power. Considerably expanded Bulgarian territory through wars with Serbia, Hungary, and the Byzantine Empire. Increased his expansion into Byzantine lands following the collapse of the Byzantine Empire due to the [[Fourth Crusade]] (1202–1204). Later fought against the [[Latin Empire]], defeating its first emperor ([[Baldwin I, Latin Emperor|Baldwin I]]). Believed to have been murdered.<ref name="Detrez-2014" />
|-
|[[File:Seal of Boril.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Boril of Bulgaria|Boril]]'''<br /><small>Борил</small>
|1207–1218<br /><small>(11 years)</small>
|Son of a sister of Peter II, Ivan Asen I and Kaloyan.<ref name="Detrez-2014" /><ref name="Mladjov-2015" /> Boril's reign saw unsuccessful wars against Serbia, the Latin Empire, and the competing successor states of the Byzantine Empire, as well as the spread of the [[Bogomilism|Bogomilist]] sect in Bulgaria. Deposed and blinded by his cousin Ivan Asen II.<ref name="Detrez-2014" />
|-
|[[File:Coin of Ivan Asen II.png|80px]]
|'''[[Ivan Asen II]]'''<br /><small>Иван Асен</small>
|1218–1241<br /><small>(23 years)</small>
|Son of Ivan Asen I.<ref name="Mladjov-2015" /> Overthrew Boril.<ref name="Detrez-2014" /> Ivan Asen II aspired to make himself the ruler of a joint Bulgarian-Byzantine Empire<ref name="Various-2021" /> and his reign saw the Second Bulgarian Empire reach its greatest extent.<ref name="Detrez-2014" /> Defeated the [[Empire of Thessalonica]] at the [[Battle of Klokotnitsa]] (1230), whereafter much of its territory was annexed and Bulgaria became the most powerful state in southeastern Europe.<ref name="Rosser-2012" /> Re-established the independent [[Bulgarian Orthodox Church]] under a [[Patriarch of All Bulgaria|patriarch]] in 1235.<ref name="Detrez-2014" />
|-
|
|'''[[Kaliman Asen I of Bulgaria|Kaliman Asen I]]'''<br /><small>Калиман Асен</small>
|1241–1246<br /><small>(5 years)</small>
|Son of Ivan Asen II.<ref name="Mladjov-2015" /> Underage at the time of his accession. Murdered after a reign of five years.<ref name="Petkov-2008" />
|-
|[[File:Michael-Asen-Kastoria.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Michael II Asen|Michael Asen I]]'''{{efn|Often referred to as '''Michael II Asen''', although this is incorrect. This enumeration derives from [[Boris I]] (852–889) having been baptized under the name Michael. Boris I however continued to most often merely use "Boris" and the emperors of the Second Bulgarian Empire used the double name ''Michael Asen'' (Asen being part of the name and not some other form of qualifier) rather than just "Michael".<ref name="Mladjov-2015" />}}<br /><small>Мицо Асен</small>
|1246–1256<br /><small>(10 years)</small>
|Son of Ivan Asen II.<ref name="Mladjov-2015" /> Underage at the time of his accession.<ref name="Petkov-2008" /> Ambushed and killed in 1256 by a group of Bulgarian nobles after a treaty in which Michael Asen I returned all of Bulgaria's territorial gains in former Byzantine territory to the [[Empire of Nicaea]].<ref name="Curta-2021b">{{Cite book |last=Curta |first=Florin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f85JEAAAQBAJ |title=The Routledge Handbook of East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1300 |date=2021 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-47624-8 |language=en |chapter=New Powers–Serbia and Bulgaria}}</ref>
|-
|
|'''[[Kaliman Asen II of Bulgaria|Kaliman Asen II]]'''<br /><small>Калиман Асен</small>
|1256<br /><small>(less than a year)</small>
|Grandson of [[Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria|Ivan Asen I]].<ref name="Mladjov-2015" /> Proclaimed emperor after Michael Asen I's death.<ref name="Curta-2021b" /> Married his predecessor's widow but was ineffective at maintaining power<ref name="Mladjov-2015" /> and died within a year.<ref name="Curta-2021b" /> His death extinguished the male line of the House of Asen.<ref name="Curta-2021b" />
|}