Editing Linus Pauling (section)

===Political criticism===
[[File:Linus Pauling's beret at the Nobel Museum (51969).jpg|thumb|Pauling's beret on display at the [[Nobel Prize Museum]]]]
Many of Pauling's critics, including scientists who appreciated the contributions that he had made in chemistry, disagreed with his political positions and saw him as a naïve spokesman for [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Soviet communism]]. In 1960, he was ordered to appear before the [[United States Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security|Senate Internal Security Subcommittee]],<ref name="Senate">{{Cite web |title=issued to Linus Pauling by the Internal Security Subcommittee of the United States Senate. June 20, 1960 |url=http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/peace/papers/bio2.021.3.html |access-date=May 28, 2015 |website=Linus Pauling and the International Peace Movement}}</ref> which termed him "the number one scientific name in virtually every major activity of the Communist peace offensive in this country".<ref name=Humanism/> A headline in ''[[Life magazine|Life]]'' magazine characterized his 1962 Nobel Prize as "A Weird Insult from Norway".<ref name="Kovac">{{Cite journal |last=Kovac |first=Jeffrey |date=1999 |title=A weird insult from Norway: Linus Pauling as public intellectual |journal=Soundings: An Interdisciplinary Journal |volume=82 |issue=1/2 |pages=91–106 |jstor=41178914}}</ref><ref name="Life">{{Cite magazine |date=October 25, 1963 |title=A Weird Insult From Norway |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UlIEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA6 |magazine=Life |volume=5 |page=4 |number=17}}</ref>

Pauling was a frequent target of the ''[[National Review]]'' magazine. In an article entitled "The Collaborators" in the magazine's July 17, 1962, issue, Pauling was referred to not only as a collaborator, but as a "fellow traveler" of proponents of Soviet-style communism.  In 1963, Pauling sued the magazine, its publisher [[William Rusher]], and its editor [[William F. Buckley, Jr]] for $1 million. He lost both his libel suits and the 1968 appeal (unlike his earlier 1963 libel case against the [[Hearst Corporation]]), because in the meantime the landmark case ''[[New York Times Co. v. Sullivan]]'' had established the [[actual malice]] standard for libel lawsuits by public figures, requiring that not only falsehood but deliberate lying should be proved by the plaintiff in such cases.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2013 |title=The National Review Lawsuit |url=http://paulingblog.wordpress.com/2013/01/30/the-national-review-lawsuit/ |access-date=December 20, 2013 |publisher=Paulingblog}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=A Tough Conclusion to the National Review Lawsuit |url=http://paulingblog.wordpress.com/tag/william-f-buckley/ |access-date=December 20, 2013 |publisher=Paulingblog}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pauling v. Nat'l Review, Inc |url=http://law.justia.com/cases/new-york/court-of-appeals/1968/22-n-y-2d-818-0.html |access-date=December 20, 2013 |website=Justia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Saxon |first=Wolfgang |date=August 30, 1998 |title=C. Dickerman Williams, 97, Free-Speech Lawyer, Is Dead |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/30/nyregion/c-dickerman-williams-97-free-speech-lawyer-is-dead.html |access-date=December 20, 2013}}</ref>

His peace activism, his frequent travels, and his enthusiastic expansion into chemical-biomedical research all aroused opposition at Caltech. In 1958, the Caltech Board of Trustees demanded that Pauling step down as chairman of the Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division.<ref name=LATimes1994/>{{rp|2}}  Although he had retained tenure as a full professor, Pauling chose to resign from Caltech after he received the Nobel peace prize money. He spent the next three years at the [[Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions]] (1963–1967).<ref name="Abrams" /> In 1967, he moved to the University of California at San Diego, but remained there only briefly, leaving in 1969 in part because of political tensions with the Reagan-era board of regents.<ref name=LATimes1994/>{{rp|3}}  From 1969 to 1974, he accepted a position as professor of chemistry at Stanford University.<ref name="OH" />