Editing Lima (section)

===20th century===
[[File:Plaza Mayor Lima 19XXs.png|left|thumb|Plaza Mayor in 1910]]
At the beginning of the 20th century, the construction of avenues that would serve as a matrix for the development of the city began.<ref>{{cite book|title=Dignos de su arte: sujeto y lazo social en el Perú de las primeras décadas del siglo XX|author=Kathya Araujo|year=2009|publisher=Iberoamericana Editorial|isbn=978-84-8489-387-5|page=48|location=Santiago de Chile|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oW_7r0lptNQC&dq=Dignos%20de%20su%20arte%3A%20Sujeto%20y%20lazo%20social%20en%20el%20Per%C3%BA%20de%20las%20primeras%20d%C3%A9cadas%20del%20siglo%20XX&pg=PA1}}</ref> The avenues [[Paseo de la República]], Leguía (today called Avenida Arequipa), Avenida Brasil and the landscaping Salaverry that headed south and Venezuela and Colonial avenues to the west joining the port of [[Callao]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4mSxP9ckEkC&dq=%C2%ABA%20pesar%20del%20gobierno%C2%BB%3A%20Espa%C3%B1oles%20en%20el%20Per%C3%BA%2C%201879-1939&pg=PP1|title="A pesar del gobierno": españoles en el Perú, 1879-1939|author=Ascensión Martínez Riaza|year=2006|publisher=Editorial CSIC|page=139|isbn=84-00-08449-7}}</ref>

In the 1930s the great constructions began with the remodeling of the [[Government Palace, Peru|Government Palace of Peru]] and the [[Palacio Municipal de Lima|Palacio Municipal]]. These constructions reached their peak in the 1950s, during the government of [[Manuel A. Odría]], when the great buildings of the [[Ministry of Economy and Finance (Peru)|Ministry of Economy]] and the Ministry of Education were built ([[Javier Alzamora Valdez Building]], currently the seat of the [[Judicial District of Lima|Superior Court of Justice of Lima]]), the [[Ministry of Health (Peru)|Ministry of Health]], the [[Ministry of Labour and Promotion of Employment (Peru)|Ministry of Labour]] and the Hospitals of the Workers' Insurance and of the Employee as well as the [[National Stadium of Peru|National Stadium]] and several large housing units.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xkx7eEGABl8C&dq=Las%20pol%C3%ADticas%20comerciales%20y%20cambiarias%20en%20el%20Per%C3%BA%2C%201960-1995&pg=PP1|title=Las políticas comerciales y cambiarias en el Perú, 1960-1995|author=Jorge Rojas|publisher=Fondo Editorial PUCP|year=1996|isbn=9972-42-060-4|page=55}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gob.pe/institucion/minedu/informes-publicaciones/1307863-historia-del-ministerio-de-educacion|website=[[Ministry of Education (Peru)]]|title=Historia del Ministerio de Educación}}</ref>

Also in those years a phenomenon began that changed the configuration of the city, which was the massive immigration of inhabitants from the interior of the country, producing the exponential growth of the capital's population and the consequent urban expansion.<ref name="Golte">{{cite web|url=https://www4.congreso.gob.pe/comisiones/1999/educacion/funcion/eventos/Expos16.html|title=La Migración Andina y la Cultura Peruana|author=Golte, Jürgen|website=Congress of the Republic of Peru|access-date=13 March 2022|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407101942/https://www4.congreso.gob.pe/comisiones/1999/educacion/funcion/eventos/Expos16.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The new populations were settling on land near the center which was used as an agricultural area. The current districts of [[Lince District|Lince]], [[La Victoria District, Lima|La Victoria]] to the south were populated; [[Breña]] and [[Pueblo Libre District, Lima|Pueblo Libre]] to the west; [[El Agustino]], [[Ate District|Ate]] and [[San Juan de Lurigancho]] to the east and [[San Martín de Porres District|San Martín de Porres]] and [[Comas District, Lima|Comas]] to the north.
[[File:EnatruViaExpresa.jpg|thumb|Via Expresa in 1970]]
As an emblematic point of this expansion, in 1973 the self-managed community of Villa El Salvador (current district of [[Villa El Salvador]]) was created, located 30&nbsp;km south of the city center and currently integrated into the [[Lima metropolitan area|metropolitan area]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.munives.gob.pe/Ves_historia.htm|title=HISTORIA DE VILLA EL SALVADOR|website=Villa El Salvador Municipality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712210910/http://www.munives.gob.pe/Ves_historia.htm|archive-date=12 July 2012}}</ref> In the 1980s, [[terrorist]] violence added to the disorderly growth of the city the increase of settlers who arrived as internally displaced persons.<ref name="Golte"/> In the 1940s, Lima started a period of rapid growth spurred by migration from the Andean region, as rural people sought opportunities for work and education. The population, estimated at 600,000 in 1940, reached 1.9&nbsp;million by 1960 and 4.8&nbsp;million by 1980.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.inei.gob.pe/biblioineipub/bancopub/Est/LIb0002/cap0101.htm |title=Lima Metropolitana perfil socio-demográfico |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática |access-date=12 August 2007 |language=es |archive-date=13 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070813213938/http://www.inei.gob.pe/biblioineipub/bancopub/Est/LIb0002/cap0101.htm }}</ref> At the start of this period, the urban area was confined to a triangular area bounded by the city's [[Historic Center of Lima|historic center]], [[Callao]] and [[Chorrillos District|Chorrillos]]; in the following decades settlements spread to the north, beyond the Rímac River, to the east, along the Central Highway and to the south.{{sfn|Dietz|1980| p= 35}} The new migrants, at first confined to [[slum]]s in downtown Lima, led this expansion through large-scale land invasions, which evolved into shanty towns, known as ''[[pueblos jóvenes]]''.{{sfn|Dietz|1980| p= 36.}} In the 1980s, terrorist violence added to the disorderly growth of the city and the increase in the number of internally displaced people. Terrorist groups like the [[Shining Path]] and [[Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement]] were centered in Lima during this time. The historic center of the city suffered increasing deterioration and many areas of the city constantly lacked basic services. The city improved and terrorism decreased moving into the 21st century.