Editing Liliales (section)

=== Families ===
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|[[File:CorsiaOrnata.jpg|upright|thumb|130px|left|''[[Corsia ornata]]''|alt=Flower of Corsia ornata]]

==== Corsiaceae ====
{{Main|Corsiaceae }}
The Corsiaceae (ghost-flower family) are a very small family of 3 [[mycoheterotrophic]] genera, lacking [[chlorophyll]], with 27 species of perennial herbaceous plants. They are found in montane forests in South America (one genus) and from southern China to northern Australia in areas with high rainfall, and among dense leaf litter. The majority of species occur in the type genus ''[[Corsia]]''. The name commemorates the Florentine plant collector Marquis Bardo Corsi Salviati (1844–1907).{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}
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|[[File:Campynema purple.jpg|upright|thumb|130px|left|''[[Campynema lineare]]''|alt=Flower of Campynema lineare]]

==== Campynemataceae ====
{{Main|Campynemataceae }}
The Campynemataceae (Green-mountainlily family) are a very small family of two genera and four species of rhizomatous herbaceous plants found in Tasmania and [[New Caledonia]]. The name is derived from the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] words ''kampylos'' (curved) and nema (thread).{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}
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|[[File:Veratrum album Aubrac.JPG|upright|thumb|130px|left|''[[Veratrum album]]''|alt=Flowers of Veratrum album]]

==== Melanthiaceae ====
{{Main|Melanthiaceae }}
The Melanthiaceae (Wake Robin family) is a family of perennial herbaceous plants, whose storage organs include bulbs, rhizomes and corms (rarely, e.g. ''[[Schoenocaulon]]''). Their distribution is temperate and [[boreal climate|boreal]] Northern hemisphere, in the Americas extending south to the Andes and in Asia to the Himalayas and Taiwan. Melanthiaceae consists of 17 genera and 173 species distributed in a number of subdivisions. The largest genus is ''[[Trillium]]'' (44 species) but many genera are monotypic. A number of genera, including ''Trillium'' are used as [[Ornamental plant|garden ornamentals]], especially for woodland gardens. ''[[Paris japonica]]'' is noted for having the largest [[genome]] known to date. The family name is derived from the Greek words ''melas'' (black) and ''anthos'' (flower) in reference to the dark colour of the petals.{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}
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|[[File:Petermannia cirrosa.png|upright|thumb|130px|left|''[[Petermannia cirrosa]]''|alt=Petermannia cirrosa vine, growing in Australia]]

==== Petermanniaceae ====
{{Main|Melanthiaceae }}
The Petermanniaceae (Petermann's vine family) consists of a single species, ''Petermannia cirrosa'', a perennial woody vine with underground rhizomes. ''Petermannia'' is restricted to Queensland and New South Wales, in temperate rainforests between Brisbane and Sydney. The family was  named for Wilhelm Ludwwig Petermann (1806–1855), director of the [[Leipzig Botanical Garden|botanical garden at Leipzig]].{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}
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|[[File:Colchicum autumnale.jpg|upright|thumb|130px|left|''[[Colchicum autumnale]]''|alt=Colchicum autumnale flowers]]

==== Colchicaceae ====
{{Main|Colchicaceae }}
The Colchicaceae (Naked-ladies or Colchicum family) are perennial erect and climbing plants with underground corms, tubers and rhizomes. They are herbaceous with the exception of ''[[Kuntheria]]'' which has a somewhat woody stem. Their distribution is widespread including in temperate zones in North America, Europe, North Africa and the Middle east and tropical zones in Africa, Asia and Australasia. They are absent from South America. The family is of medium size with 15 genera and about 285 species. The largest genus is the type genus, ''Colchicum'', with 159spp. Although the alkaloids, which characterise them, they contain are toxic to animals and humans, Colchicine has usage medicinally and in botanical laboratories. They are also include popular garden and indoor ornamentals. These include ''[[Colchicum]]'' and ''[[Gloriosa (plant)|Gloriosa]]''. The family is named after [[Colchis]] on the eastern Black Sea.{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}{{sfn|Traub|Kress|2016}}
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||[[File:Alstroemeria pelegrina. Mariposa de Los Molles).JPG|upright|thumb|130px|left|''[[Alstroemeria pelegrina]]''|alt=Alstroemeria pelegrina flower]]

==== Alstroemeriaceae ====
{{Main| Alstroemerieae}}
The Alstroemeriaceae (Inca-lily family) are erect or creeping perennial (rarely annual) herbaceous plants with occasional shrubby vines, some of which have evergreen stems. They are occasionally epiphytic and form often swollen rhizomes. They are found in tropical and temperate Central and South America, as well as Australasia. There are two large genera ([[Alstroemerieae]]), the erect ''[[Alstroemeria]]'' (S America 125 spp.) and twining ''[[Bomarea]]'' (Central & S America 122 spp.) and two very small genera ([[Luzuriageae]]) with 2 and 4 species each, for a total of 253 species in the family. Two species are widely used for food in S America, ''[[Alstroemeria ligtu]]'' is used for a flour ([[Chuño]]) that is extracted from its roots, while the tubers of ''[[Bomarea edulis]]'' are directly consumed. ''[[Luzuriaga radicans]]'', also from S America, produces fibre used in rope making. ''Alstroemeria'' cultivars are popular ornamentals and widely used as [[cut flowers]] (Peruvian lilies). The family is named for [[Clas Alströmer|Baron Clas Alströmer]] (1736–1794), a student of Linnaeus.{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}
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||[[File:Ripogonum scandens Ulva Island 2.JPG|upright|thumb|130px|left|''[[Ripogonum scandens]]''|alt=Developing inflorescence of Ripogonum scandens]]

==== Ripogonaceae ====
{{Main|Ripogonaceae}}
The Ripogonaceae (Supplejack family) is a very small family, with a single genus, ''Ripogonum'' and six species. They are woody evergreen shrubs and vines arising from a horizontal rhizome, swollen at its base to form a tuber. They are confined to Eastern Australasia, with the type species, ''Ripogonum scandens'' as the sole New Zealand species. The stems have a use in basketry and building and the young shoots are edible. The name is derived from two Greek words, ''ripos'' (wicker) and ''gony'' (node) in reference to their node bearing shoots.{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}
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||[[File:Philesia magellanica.jpg|upright|thumb|130px|left|''[[Philesia magellanica]]''|alt=Flowers of Philesia magellanic]]

==== Philesiaceae ====
{{Main|Philesiaceae}}
The Philesiaceae (Chilean-bellflower family) are a very small family consisting of two monotypic genera, the two species being ''[[Philesia magellanica]]'' and the similar ''[[Lapageria rosea]]''. They grow from a short woody rhizome, forming shrubs and vines respectively. They are found in the cool [[temperate forest]] of central and southern Chile, [[Magellan Straits|Magellan straits]] and adjacent Argentina, among the southern beech ([[Nothofagus]]) trees. ''Lapageria'' is the [[national flower]] of Chile and a popular ornamental with edible fruit. The name is thought to be related to the Greek word ''phileo'' (love), because of the attractiveness of its flowers.{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}
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||[[File:Smilax aspera.jpg|upright|thumb|130px|left|''[[Smilax aspera]]''|alt=Leaves and berries of Smilax aspera]]

==== Smilacaceae ====
{{Main|Smilacaceae}}
The Smilacaceae (Catbrier family) consist of a single large genus, ''[[Smilax]]'', with about 210 species,{{sfn|Qi et al|2013}} making it the second largest family of the order, after Liliaceae. They are perennial vines, shrubs or herbaceous, sometimes woody, plants with short fibrous woody (sometimes tuberous) rhizomes. Smilacaceae are pantropical with extension into temperate zones north (N America, Mediterranean, Russian Far East) and south (Eastern Australia). A number of species have been used in traditional medicine and as foodstuffs. ''[[Smilax china]]'' was used to treat [[gout]]. ''[[Smilax aristolochiifolia|S. aristolochiifolia]]'' was used to treat [[syphilis]] (but later as sarsaparilla to flavor [[root beer]] and confectionary). The fruit of ''[[Smilax megacarpa|S. megacarpa]]'' is consumed in [[conserves]]. The young shoots of many species are also edible. The family is named after the Greek myth of the affair between the mortal Krokos (or [[Crocus (mythology)|Crocus]]) and the nymph Smilax, whose punishment was to be turned into the prickly vine ''[[Smilax aspera]]''.{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}
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||[[File:ShoshanTzachor-2-wiki-Zachi-Evenor.jpg|upright|thumb|130px|left|''[[Lilium candidum]]''|alt=Flowers of Lilium candidum]]

==== Liliaceae ====
{{Main|Liliaceae}}
The lily family, Liliaceae, are the largest Liliales family, with 15 genera and about 700 species, though much reduced from earlier circumscriptions, in four subfamilies. Of these genera, ''[[Gagea]]'' is the largest (204 spp.), but some are quite small, with ''[[Medeola]]'' being monotypic. They are perennial herbaceous plants, growing from bulbs or corms (rarely creeping rhizomes), with actinomorphic hypogynous flowers that are often coloured and patterned. They are predominantly northern temperate in distribution, with extension to subtropical areas of N Africa, India, China and [[Luzon]], but are absent from the southern hemisphere. The bulbs have been used as foodstuffs or in traditional medicine. ''[[Cardiocrinum cordatum]]'' and ''[[Erythronium japonicum]]'' are sources of starch. Many Liliaceae are important in the floriculture and horticulture industries, particularly ''[[Tulipa]]'' and ''[[Lilium]]'', but also ''[[Fritillaria]]''. Many are also important ornamentals, such as ''[[Calochortus]]'', ''[[Cardiocrinum]]'', ''[[Clintonia]]'', ''[[Erythronium]]'' and ''[[Tricyrtis]]''. The name is derived from the Latin word for lily, ''lilium'', which in turn is derived from the Greek ''leirion'', a white lily.{{sfn|Christenhusz et al|2017}}{{sfn|Byng|2014}}{{sfn|Anderson|Janssen|2009|loc=p.&nbsp;205}}
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