Editing Leukemia (section)

===Acute lymphoblastic===
{{Further|Acute lymphoblastic leukemia#Treatment}}
Management of ALL is directed towards control of bone marrow and systemic (whole-body) disease. Additionally, treatment must prevent leukemic cells from spreading to other sites, particularly the [[central nervous system]] (CNS); periodic lumbar punctures are used for diagnostic purposes and to administer intrathecal prophylactic methotrexate.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Gaietto A, Panetta JC, Pauley JL, Relling MV, Ribeiro R, Ehrhardt MJ, Pui CH, Inaba H, Swanson HD |title=Ommaya reservoir use in pediatric ALL and NHL: a review at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital |journal=Cancer Chemother Pharmacol |volume=93 |issue=6 |pages=617–625 |date=June 2024 |pmid=38416167 |doi=10.1007/s00280-024-04653-9 }}</ref> In general, ALL treatment is divided into several phases:
* ''Induction chemotherapy'' to bring about bone marrow remission. For adults, standard induction plans include [[prednisone]], [[vincristine]], and an [[anthracycline]] drug; other drug plans may include [[L-asparaginase]] or [[cyclophosphamide]]. For children with low-risk ALL, standard therapy usually consists of three drugs (prednisone, L-asparaginase, and vincristine) for the first month of treatment.
* ''Consolidation therapy'' or ''intensification therapy'' to eliminate any remaining leukemia cells. There are many different approaches to consolidation, but it is typically a high-dose, multi-drug treatment that is undertaken for a few months. People with low- to average-risk ALL receive therapy with [[antimetabolite]] drugs such as [[methotrexate]] and [[6-mercaptopurine]] (6-MP). People who are high-risk receive higher drug doses of these drugs, plus additional drugs.
* ''[[Central nervous system prophylaxis|CNS prophylaxis]]'' (preventive therapy) to stop cancer from spreading to the brain and nervous system in high-risk people. Standard [[prophylaxis]] may include radiation of the head and/or drugs delivered directly into the spine.
* ''Maintenance treatments'' with chemotherapeutic drugs to prevent disease recurrence once remission has been achieved. Maintenance therapy usually involves lower drug doses and may continue for up to three years.
* Alternatively, ''[[allogeneic bone marrow transplantation]]'' may be appropriate for high-risk or relapsed people.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Hoffbrand AV, Moss PA, Pettit JE |title=Essential haematology|date=2006|publisher=Blackwell Pub. |location=Malden, Mass. |isbn=978-1-4051-3649-5 |edition=5th}}</ref>