Editing Kolkata (section)

=== Population ===
{{Historical populations
| 1901 | 1009853
| 1911 | 1117966
| 1921 | 1158497
| 1931 | 1289461
| 1941 | 2352399
| 1951 | 2956475
| 1961 | 3351250
| 1971 | 3727020
| 1981 | 4126846
| 1991 | 4399819
| 2001 | 4572876
| 2011 | 4496694
| source = [[Census of India]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html |title=Census of India Website: Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |website=Censusindia.gov.in |access-date=15 June 2021 |archive-date=10 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010234955/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}

The [[demonym]] for residents of Kolkata are ''Calcuttan'' and ''Kolkatan''.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Calcuttan |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/calcuttan |dictionary=dictionary.com |access-date=10 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303171515/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/calcuttan |archive-date=3 March 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Prithvijit |title=Kolkatans relish a journey down familiar terrain |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Kolkatans-relish-a-journey-down-familiar-terrain/articleshow/10721355.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709202313/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-14/kolkata/30396787_1_first-film-strong-film-culture-satyajit-ray |archive-date=9 July 2012 |access-date=2 February 2012 |date=14 November 2011 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live |location=New Delhi }}</ref> According to provisional results of the 2011 national census, Kolkata district, which occupies an area of {{cvt|185|sqkm|sqmi}}, had a population of 4,486,679;<ref name="census">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_wb.html |title=Area, population, decennial growth rate and density for 2001 and 2011 at a glance for West Bengal and the districts: provisional population totals paper 1 of 2011: West Bengal |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=26 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107060612/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_wb.html |archive-date=7 January 2012 }}</ref> its population density was {{cvt|24252|/sqkm|/sqmi}}.<ref name="census" /> This represents a decline of 1.88% during the decade 2001–11. The [[human sex ratio|sex ratio]] is 899&nbsp;females per 1000&nbsp;males—lower than the national average.<ref name="2011 pp table3A2">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_wb.html |title=Sex ratio, 0–6 age population, literates and literacy rate by sex for 2001 and 2011 at a glance for West Bengal and the districts: provisional population totals paper 1 of 2011: West Bengal |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=29 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107060612/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_wb.html |archive-date=7 January 2012 }}</ref> The ratio is depressed by the influx of working males from surrounding rural areas, from the rest of West Bengal; these men commonly leave their families behind.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dutta |first=Romita |title=Kolkata sees dip in population, suburbs register an increase |url=http://www.livemint.com/2011/04/05224458/Kolkata-sees-dip-in-population.html |access-date=10 December 2011 |newspaper=Mint |location=New Delhi |date=5 April 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824001826/http://www.livemint.com/2011/04/05224458/Kolkata-sees-dip-in-population.html |archive-date=24 August 2011 }}</ref> Kolkata's literacy rate of 87.14%<ref name="2011 pp table3A2" /> exceeds the national average of 74%.<ref name="censusindliter">{{cite web |url=http://www.census2011.co.in |title=Population census 2011 |publisher=Census of India 2011, Government of India |access-date=6 December 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120202313/http://www.census2011.co.in/ |archive-date=20 November 2011 }}</ref> The final population totals of census 2011 stated the population of city as 4,496,694.<ref name="KOL" /> The urban agglomeration had a population of 14,112,536 in 2011.<ref name="kolkatauapop2011">{{cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/india2/Million_Plus_UAs_Cities_2011.pdf |title=Urban agglomerations/cities having population 1 million and above |year=2011 |work=Provisional population totals, census of India 2011 |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=26 January 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111215163132/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/india2/Million_Plus_UAs_Cities_2011.pdf |archive-date=15 December 2011 }}</ref>

{|class="wikitable" style="float:left; border: 16px solid #FFF;"
|
{|class="wikitable" style="float:left;"
|+Kolkata urban agglomeration population growth
|-
! scope="col" |Census
! scope="col" |Total
! scope="col" |%±
|-
! scope="row" |[[1981 census of India|1981]]
|style="text-align:right;"|9,194,000
|style="text-align:center;"|&nbsp;—
|-
! scope="row" |[[1991 Census of India|1991]]
|style="text-align:right;"|11,021,900
|style="text-align:right;"|19.9%
|-
! scope="row" |[[2001 census of India|2001]]
|style="text-align:right;"|13,114,700
|style="text-align:right;"|19.0%
|-
! scope="row" |[[2011 census of India|2011]]
|style="text-align:right;"|14,112,536
|style="text-align:right;"|7.6%
|-
|colspan="3" |Source: [[Demographics of India|Census of India]]<ref name="kolkatauapop2011" />
|}
|}

{{As of|2003}}, about one-third of the population, or 15&nbsp;lakh (1.5&nbsp;million) people, lived in 3,500&nbsp;unregistered [[Squatting|squatter-occupied]] and 2,011&nbsp;registered [[slum]]s.<ref name="kundu">{{cite web |last=Kundu |first=N |publisher=Development Planning Unit. [[University College, London|University College]], London |url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu-projects/Global_Report/pdfs/Kolkata_bw.pdf |title=Understanding slums: case studies for the global report on human settlements 2003. The case of Kolkata, India |access-date=26 April 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524005019/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu-projects/Global_Report/pdfs/Kolkata_bw.pdf |archive-date=24 May 2006 }}</ref>{{rp|4}}<ref name="slumdiversity" />{{rp|92}} The authorised slums (with access to basic services like water, latrines, trash removal by the Kolkata Municipal Corporation) can be broadly divided into two groups—''bustees'', in which slum dwellers have some long term tenancy agreement with the landowners; and ''udbastu colonies'', settlements which had been leased to refugees from present-day Bangladesh by the government.<ref name="slumdiversity">{{cite journal |last=Schenk |first=W. Collin |title=Slum diversity in Kolkata |journal=Columbia Undergraduate Journal of South Asian Studies |year=2010 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=91–108 [92] |url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cujsas/Volume%20I/Issue%20II/W%20Collin%20Schenk%20-%20Slum%20Diversity.pdf |access-date=2 February 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131170736/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cujsas/Volume%20I/Issue%20II/W%20Collin%20Schenk%20-%20Slum%20Diversity.pdf |archive-date=31 January 2012 }}</ref><ref name="kundu" />{{rp|5}} The [[Shanty town|unauthorised slums]] (devoid of basic services provided by the municipality) are occupied by squatters who started living on encroached lands—mainly along canals, railway lines and roads.<ref name="slumdiversity" />{{rp|92}}<ref name="kundu" />{{rp|5}} According to the 2005 National Family Health Survey, around 14% of the households in Kolkata were poor, while 33% lived in slums, indicating a substantial proportion of households in slum areas were better off economically than the bottom quarter of urban households in terms of wealth status.<ref name="healthsurvey" />{{rp|23}} [[Mother Teresa]] was awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] for founding and working with the [[Missionaries of Charity]] in Kolkata—an organisation "whose primary task was to love and care for those persons nobody was prepared to look after".<ref>{{cite book |title=Nobel Lectures, Peace 1971–1980 |year=1997 |publisher=World Scientific Publishing Co |location=Singapore |isbn=978-981-02-1179-0 |page=221 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1979/teresa-bio.html |editor1=Frängsmyr, Tore |editor2=Abrams, Irwin |access-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011210335/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1979/teresa-bio.html |archive-date=11 October 2014 }}</ref>