Editing Kingston, Jamaica (section)

==Transport==

===Road===
The [[St. William Grant|St William Grant Park]] (Parade) in the heart of downtown Kingston is the starting point for three of [[A2 road (Jamaica)|Jamaica's four A roads]], namely the A1 (Kingston to [[Lucea, Jamaica|Lucea]]), the A3 (Kingston to [[Saint Ann's Bay]]) and the A4 (Kingston to [[Annotto Bay]]), while the city itself is provided with a dense network of trunk, main, secondary and minor roads. It also consists of the [[Highway 2000, Jamaica]] which runs through [[Portmore, Jamaica|Portmore]], [[Ocho Rios]] and [[Mandeville, Jamaica|Mandeville]]. A new section of [[Highway 2000, Jamaica]] (called "T3") was recently opened to the public. It has greatly reduced the travel time between Kingston and Montego Bay from 4 hours to a mere {{frac|2|1|2}} hours.

Kingston is served well by a modern bus system, mini buses and taxis, which operate throughout the city with major hubs at  Parade, [[Cross Roads, Jamaica|Cross Roads]], [[Half Way Tree]] and elsewhere.<ref name="autogenerated66">[http://www.mtw.gov.jm/general_information/reports/TransportStatisticsReport2003_2004.pdf Table 3.12 (PDF page 66) ff.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315174612/http://www.mtw.gov.jm/general_information/reports/TransportStatisticsReport2003_2004.pdf |date=15 March 2013 }}, Annual Transport Statistics Report: Jamaica in Figures 2003–2004, Jamaica Ministry of Transport and Works.</ref>

===Buses===
In June 1898, the existing mule car service was phased out and a transition to electric trams, initially operated by the West India Electric Company and later by the Jamaica Public Service Company, was undertaken.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Jamaica Public Service Company Limited |url=http://www.myjpsco.com/about_us/our_history.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507143804/http://www.myjpsco.com/about_us/our_history.php |archive-date=7 May 2012 }}</ref> This transition to the electric tram was completed on 31 March 1899. This service continued to operate, but the inflexibility of a tram service could not keep pace with a growing city, and the tram service ceased to operate on 7 August 1948.<ref>"Last Trams", ''The Daily Gleaner'', 7 August 1948.</ref>

Between 1948 and 1953, a motor bus service was operated by a company called Jamaica Utilities. The government revoked its franchise in 1953.

From 1953 to 1983, the [[Jamaica Omnibus Service]] operated a service, which at its peak consisted of over 600 buses and served an area spanning Spanish Town, Border, Mt. James, Bull Bay and Port Royal. It was wound up by the government in 1983 after being nationalised in 1974.

Kingston is served well by a modern bus system, the [[Jamaica Urban Transit Company]] (JUTC), mini buses, and taxis, which operate throughout the city with major hubs at  Parade, [[Cross Roads, Jamaica|Cross Roads]], [[Half Way Tree]] and elsewhere.<ref name="autogenerated66"/>

===Rail===
The now disused [[Kingston railway station, Jamaica|Kingston railway station]] served the [[Railways of Jamaica: Kingston to Montego Bay|Kingston to Montego Bay]] main line with branches from [[Railways of Jamaica: Spanish Town to Ewarton|Spanish Town to Ewarton]], [[Railways of Jamaica: Bog Walk to Port Antonio|Bog Walk to Port Antonio]], [[Railways of Jamaica: Linstead to New Works|Linstead to New Works]] and [[Railways of Jamaica: May Pen to Frankfield|May pen to Frankfield]].

The railway station opened in 1845 and closed in October 1992 when all passenger traffic on Jamaica's railways abruptly ceased.<ref name="JTH18">[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3884/is_200303/ai_n9209497/pg_18 The rise and fall of railways in Jamaica, 1845–1975 – Pg18] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425135205/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3884/is_200303/ai_n9209497/pg_18/ |date=25 April 2009 }}, ''Journal of Transport History'', March 2003.</ref>

===Air===
Kingston's international airport is the [[Norman Manley International Airport]], while [[Tinson Pen Aerodrome]] in Kingston provides domestic services.

===Sea===
Historically, the Kingston waterfront was Jamaica's main port with many [[Pier#Working piers|finger piers]] at which freighters and passenger liners could dock. More recently, with the [[containerisation]] of freight, the port has moved to Newport West.