Editing Karnataka (section)

== Economy ==
{{Main|Economy of Karnataka|Software industry in Karnataka|Banking in Karnataka|Economy of Bengaluru|Economy of Mangaluru}}
[[File:Infosys (4911287704).jpg|thumb|[[Infosys]], a [[Bengaluru]]-headquartered [[Information technology|information-technology]] company]]
Karnataka had an estimated GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product) of about US$115.86&nbsp;billion in the 2014–15 fiscal year.<ref name="IBEF">{{cite web |url=http://www.ibef.org/states/karnataka-presentation |title=Industrial Development & Economic Growth in Karnataka |publisher=Indian Brand Equity Foundation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220064750/http://www.ibef.org/states/karnataka-presentation |archive-date=20 December 2016}}</ref> The state registered a GSDP growth rate of 7% for the year 2014–2015.<ref name="DES">{{cite web |title=State and district domestic product of Karnataka |url=http://des.kar.nic.in/docs/sip/State%20and%20District%20Domestic%20Product%20of%20Kar%2014-15.pdf |publisher=Directorate of Economics and Statistics |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707073813/http://des.kar.nic.in/docs/sip/State%20and%20District%20Domestic%20Product%20of%20Kar%2014-15.pdf |archive-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> Karnataka's contribution to India's GDP in the year 2014–15 was 7.54%.<ref name="IBEF" /> With GDP growth of 17.59% and per capita GDP growth of 16.04%, Karnataka is on the 6th position among all states and union territories.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian states by GDP Growth |url=http://statisticstimes.com/economy/gdp-growth-of-indian-states.php |website=Statistics Times |access-date=19 August 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808054036/http://statisticstimes.com/economy/gdp-growth-of-indian-states.php |archive-date=8 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Indian states by GDP per capita Growth |url=http://statisticstimes.com/economy/gdp-capita-growth-of-indian-states.php |website=Statistics Times |access-date=19 August 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821040412/http://statisticstimes.com/economy/gdp-capita-growth-of-indian-states.php |archive-date=21 August 2015}}</ref> In an employment survey conducted for the year 2013–2014, the unemployment rate in Karnataka was 1.8% compared to the national rate of 4.9%.<ref>{{cite web |title=Report on employment-unemployment survey |url=http://labourbureau.nic.in/Report%20%20Vol%201%20final.pdf |publisher=Ministry of Labour and Employment |access-date=30 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150305112141/http://labourbureau.nic.in/Report%20%20Vol%201%20final.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2015}}</ref> In 2011–2012, Karnataka had an estimated poverty ratio of 20.91% compared to the national ratio of 21.92%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=15283 |title=Table 162, Number and Percentage of Population Below Poverty Line |publisher=Reserve Bank of India, Government of India |year=2013 |access-date=20 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407102043/http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=15283 |archive-date= 7 April 2014}}</ref> In 2024, Karnataka had a multi-dimensional poverty rate of 5.67%, compared to the all India average of 11.28%.<ref>[[List of Indian states and union territories by poverty rate#:~:text=Mobile view-,"MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN INDIA SINCE 2005-06",-(PDF).]]</ref>

Nearly 56% of the workforce in Karnataka is engaged in agriculture and related activities.<ref name="excel">{{cite web |url=http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/stateplan/sdr_pdf/shdr_kar05.pdf |title=Karnataka Human Development Report 2005 |work=The Planning Commission |publisher=Government of India |access-date=4 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615001643/http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/stateplan/sdr_pdf/shdr_kar05.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2007}}</ref> A total of 12.31&nbsp;million hectares of land, or 64.6% of the state's total area, is cultivated.<ref name="stats">{{cite web |url=http://raitamitra.kar.nic.in/Agri%20Policy%20Eng.pdf |title=Karnataka Agricultural Policy 2006 |work=Department of Agriculture |publisher=Government of Karnataka |access-date=4 June 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615001645/http://raitamitra.kar.nic.in/Agri%20Policy%20Eng.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2007}}</ref> Much of the agricultural output is dependent on the [[southwest monsoon]] as only 26.5% of the sown area is irrigated.<ref name="stats" />

According to most recent data, Karnataka is considered the third richest state in India.<ref>{{Cite news |last=GUpta |first=Cherry |date=21 February 2025 |title=Top 10 richest states in India by GDSP and GDP per capita, as of 2024 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/top-10-listing/top-10-richest-states-in-india-by-gdsp-and-gdp-per-capita-as-of-2024-9601172/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=2 March 2025}}</ref>

Karnataka is the manufacturing hub for some of the largest [[public sector]] industries in India, including [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]], [[National Aerospace Laboratories]], [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited]], [[Bharat Earth Movers Limited]] and [[HMT (India)|HMT]] (formerly Hindustan Machine Tools), which are based in Bengaluru. Many of India's premier science and technology research centres, such as [[Indian Space Research Organisation]], [[Central Power Research Institute]], [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] and the [[Central Food Technological Research Institute]], are also headquartered in Karnataka. [[MRPL|Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited]] is an [[oil refinery]], located in Mangalore.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}

The state has also begun to invest heavily in [[solar power]] centered on the [[Pavagada Solar Park]]. As of December 2017, the state has installed an estimated 2.2 gigawatts of block solar panelling and in January 2018 announced a tender to generate a further 1.2 gigawatts in the coming years: Karnataka Renewable Energy Development suggests that this will be based on 24 separate systems (or 'blocks') generating 50 megawatts each.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pv-magazine-india.com/2018/02/01/karnataka-kredl-tenders-1-2-gw-of-solar-pv/ |title=Karnataka: KREDL tenders 1.2 GW of solar PV |date=February 2018 |access-date=1 February 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202012405/https://www.pv-magazine-india.com/2018/02/01/karnataka-kredl-tenders-1-2-gw-of-solar-pv/ |archive-date=2 February 2018}}, KREDL tenders 1.2GW of solar PV</ref><ref>"[https://www.juwi.de/fileadmin/user_upload/01_Downloads/Energie-Allee/DE_Magazine_Energie-Allee-2017-09.pdf Juwi baut 40-Megawatt-Park in Indien] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121205117/https://www.juwi.de/fileadmin/user_upload/01_Downloads/Energie-Allee/DE_Magazine_Energie-Allee-2017-09.pdf |date=21 January 2022 }}". Energie-Allee, issue of 2017, september. Retrieved 4 February 2019. (german) (pdf)</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kotak Mahindra, EIB to Invest in India's SolarArise |last=Pearson |first=Natalie Obiko |date=9 October 2014 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-10-09/kotak-mahindra-eib-to-invest-in-india-s-solararise |website=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]] |access-date=27 December 2021 |archive-date=27 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227032230/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-10-09/kotak-mahindra-eib-to-invest-in-india-s-solararise |url-status=live }}</ref>

Since the 1980s, Karnataka has emerged as the pan-Indian leader in the field of IT ([[information technology]]). In 2007, there were nearly 2,000 firms operating in Karnataka. Many of them, including two of India's biggest software firms, [[Infosys]] and [[Wipro]], are also headquartered in the state.<ref name="it" /> Exports from these firms exceeded {{INRConvert|500|b|year=2006}} in 2006–07, accounting for nearly 38% of all IT exports from India.<ref name="it">{{cite web |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/old/fe_full_story.php?content_id=164868 |work=The Financial Express, dated 2007-05-22 |title=IT exports from Karnataka cross Rs 50k cr |publisher=2007: Indian Express Newspapers (Mumbai) Ltd. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212034256/http://www.financialexpress.com/old/fe_full_story.php?content_id=164868 |archive-date=12 February 2008}}</ref> The [[Nandi Hills, India|Nandi Hills]] area in the outskirts of [[Devanahalli]] is the site of the upcoming $22&nbsp;billion, 50&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> [[BIAL IT Investment Region]], one of the largest infrastructure projects in the history of Karnataka.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/01/29/stories/2010012953620400.htm |title=Karnataka / Bangalore News: State Cabinet approves IT park near Devanahalli airport |date=29 January 2010 |access-date=16 July 2010 |location=Chennai, India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100405143940/http://www.hindu.com/2010/01/29/stories/2010012953620400.htm |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=5 April 2010}}</ref> All this has earned the state capital, Bengaluru, the sobriquet ''[[Silicon Valley of India]]''.<ref name="business">{{cite web |url=http://www.indiainbusiness.nic.in/know-india/states/karnataka.htm |work=Ministry of External affairs |title=India in Business |publisher=Government of India |access-date=11 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070805124658/http://www.indiainbusiness.nic.in/know-india/states/karnataka.htm |archive-date=5 August 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=India's silicon valley 'living the dream' |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/technology-23943861 |access-date=27 December 2021 |archive-date=27 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227032230/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/technology-23943861 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kar |first=Suparna |date=1 April 2016 |title=Locating Bengaluru as India's Silicon Valley |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325491261 |journal=Artha - Journal of Social Sciences |volume=15 |issue=2 |page=49 |doi=10.12724/ajss.37.3|doi-access=free | issn = 0975-329X }}</ref>

Karnataka also leads the nation in [[biotechnology]]. It is home to India's largest biocluster, with 60% of the country's biotechnology firms being based here.<ref name="biotech">{{cite web |url=http://www.blonnet.com/2006/06/08/stories/2006060804710300.htm |work=The Hindu Business Line, dated 2006-06-08 |title=Bangalore tops biocluster list with Rs 1,400-cr revenue |publisher=2006, The Hindu Business Line |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929121144/http://www.blonnet.com/2006/06/08/stories/2006060804710300.htm |archive-date=29 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Karnataka aims to become $50 billion bioeconomy by 2025 |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-bytes/karnataka-aims-to-become-50-billion-bioeconomy-by-2025/articleshow/79317913.cms?from=mdr |access-date=27 December 2021 |archive-date=27 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227032230/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-bytes/karnataka-aims-to-become-50-billion-bioeconomy-by-2025/articleshow/79317913.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2020 |title=Karnataka aims at $50 billion bio-economy by 2025 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/karnataka-aims-at-50-billion-bio-economy-by-2025-7059173/ |access-date=27 December 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=27 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227032230/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/karnataka-aims-at-50-billion-bio-economy-by-2025-7059173/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The state has 18,000 hectares of land under [[Floriculture|flower cultivation]], an upcoming industry which supplies flowers and ornamental plants worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |author=Raggi Mudde |url=http://www.karnataka.com/industry/floriculture/about-floriculture/ |date=17 July 2007 |title=Floriculture |work=www.Karnataka.com |access-date=19 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317035610/http://www.karnataka.com/industry/floriculture/about-floriculture/ |archive-date=17 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Tejaswi |first1=Mini |last2=Tejaswibengaluru |first2=Mini |date=23 February 2021 |title=Karnataka set to add value to its flower power |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/karnataka-set-to-add-value-to-its-flower-power/article33908566.ece |access-date=27 December 2021 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=27 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227032230/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/karnataka-set-to-add-value-to-its-flower-power/article33908566.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

Seven of India's banks, [[Canara Bank]], [[Syndicate Bank]], [[Corporation Bank]], [[Vijaya Bank]], [[Karnataka Bank]], [[ING Vysya Bank]] and the [[State Bank of Mysore]] originated in this state.<ref name="cradle">{{cite web |url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2221/stories/20051021002509200.htm |work=The Frontline |volume=22 |issue=21 |date=21 October 2005 |title=Building on a strong base |author=Ravi Sharma |publisher=Frontline |access-date=21 June 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101052709/http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2221/stories/20051021002509200.htm |archive-date=1 January 2016}}</ref> The coastal districts of [[Udupi]] and [[Dakshina Kannada]] have a branch for every 500 persons—the best distribution of banks in India.<ref name="fl">{{cite web |url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2015/stories/20030801002810400.htm |work=The Frontline volume 20 issue 15 |date=1 August 2003 |title=A pioneer's progress |author=Ravi Sharma |publisher=Frontline |access-date=21 June 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101052709/http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2015/stories/20030801002810400.htm |archive-date=1 January 2016}}</ref> In March 2002, Karnataka had 4767 branches of different banks with each branch serving 11,000 persons, which is lower than the national average of 16,000.<ref name="rbi">{{cite web |url=http://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Publications/PDFs/35585.pdf |title=State/Union Territory-Wise Number of Branches of Scheduled Commercial Banks and Average Population Per Bank Branch – March 2002 |work=Online webpage of the Reserve Bank of India |access-date=21 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810094850/http://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Publications/PDFs/35585.pdf |archive-date=10 August 2007}}</ref>

A majority of the [[Silk in the Indian subcontinent|silk industry in India]] is headquartered in Karnataka, much of it in [[Doddaballapura]] in Bengaluru Rural district and the state government intends to invest {{INRConvert|700|m|year=2011}} in a "Silk City" at [[Muddenahalli]] in Chikkaballapura district.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/31009/silk-city-come-up-near.html |title=Silk city to come up near B'lore |work=Deccanherald.com |date=17 October 2009 |access-date=9 December 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715103600/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/31009/silk-city-come-up-near.html |archive-date=15 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?a=jg1rkmebjfi&title=Karnataka_silk_weavers_fret_over_falling_profits_due_to_globalisation&tag=Karnataka |title=Karnataka silk weavers fret over falling profits due to globalisation |work=Sify.com |date=27 June 2009 |access-date=16 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418235819/http://www.sify.com/news/fullstory.php?a=jg1rkmebjfi&title=Karnataka_silk_weavers_fret_over_falling_profits_due_to_globalisation&tag=Karnataka |archive-date=18 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Prakash |first=K. Bhagya |date=6 October 2019 |title=Odds galore, but Karnataka's silk city Ramanagara survives |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/odds-galore-but-karnatakas-silk-city-ramanagara-survives/article29604119.ece/photo/1/ |access-date=18 June 2021 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201103/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/odds-galore-but-karnatakas-silk-city-ramanagara-survives/article29604119.ece/photo/1/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

Karnataka also produces silver. The silver production of the state in 2018–19 was 214&nbsp;kg whereas in 2019–20 it was 187&nbsp;kg and in 2020–21 the silver production was 120&nbsp;kg.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Production of silver |url=https://ibm.gov.in/writereaddata/files/02132023162941Silver_2021.pdf}}</ref>

Karnataka has the only village in the country which produces authentic [[Flag of India|Indian national flags]] according to manufacturing process and specifications for the flag are laid out by the [[Bureau of Indian Standards]] at [[Hubli]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.khadifederation.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031160457/http://www.khadifederation.com/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=31 October 2007 |title=Karnataka Khadi Gramodyog Samyukta Sangh (Federation), Hubli |publisher=Khadifederation.com |access-date=17 September 2013}}</ref>