Editing Juan de Oñate (section)

===New Mexico===
[[File:Scenic marker paraje de fra cristobal.jpg|thumb|300px|Historic Marker at ''"[[Paraje de Fray Cristóbal|Paraje de Fra Cristobal]],"'' Rio Grande crossing]]

Oñate Elementary School in [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]] was named after Juan de Oñate and is currently the only public school in New Mexico carrying Oñate's namesake. [[Onate High School|Oñate High School]] in [[Las Cruces, New Mexico]] was also named after Juan de Oñate, but in 2021, the high school's name was changed to Organ Mountain High School. Juan de Oñate Elementary School in [[Gallup, New Mexico]], was merged with another school to become Del Norte Elementary School in 2017.<ref>[http://www.gallupsun.com/index.php?option=com_content&id=10722:paying-homage-to-gallups-north-side&Itemid=600 Paying homage to Gallup’s north side]. [[Gallup Sun]] September 22, 2017.  Accessed May 7, 2019.</ref>  The street that runs through the historic central business district of [[Española, New Mexico]], is named Paseo de Oñate.

====Alcalde statue====
{{main|Equestrian statue of Juan de Oñate}}
In the [[Northern Rio Grande National Heritage Center]] (until 2017 the Oñate Monument and Visitor Center) in [[Alcalde, New Mexico]], is a 1991 bronze statue dedicated to Oñate. In 1998, New Mexico celebrated the 400th anniversary of his arrival. Shortly before (December 29, 1997), and the close dates are no coincidence, unknown perpetrator(s) cut off the statue's right foot<ref name="nyt02">Ginger Thompson. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9904E6DE1138F934A25752C0A9649C8B63 "As a Sculpture Takes Shape in Mexico, Opposition Takes Shape in the U.S.,"] ''The New York Times'', January 17, 2002. Retrieved 2008-07-15.</ref> and left a note saying, "Fair is fair." Sculptor Reynaldo Rivera recast the foot, but a seam is still visible. Some commentators suggested leaving the statue maimed as a symbolic reminder of the foot-amputating [[Acoma Massacre]]. A local filmmaker, [[Chris Eyre]], was contacted by one of the two perpetrators, saying "I'm back on the scene to show people that Oñate and his supporters must be shamed." The sculptor responded that chopping feet "was the nature of discipline of 400 years ago."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Plevin |first1=Nancy |title=Vandals maim bronze sculpture at visitors center near Espanola |work=Santa Fe New Mexican |date=Jan 8, 1998}}</ref>

In 2017, the statue's left foot was painted red and the words "Remember 1680" (year of the [[Pueblo Revolt]]) were written with paint on the monument's base.<ref>{{cite news|title=Statue's Stolen Foot Reflects Divisions Over Symbols of Conquest|first=Simon|last=Romero|date=30 September 2017|access-date=3 October 2017|newspaper=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/30/us/statue-foot-new-mexico.html}}</ref>

The county of Rio Arriba temporarily removed the statue on June 15, 2020, which followed wider efforts to [[List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests|remove controversial statues across the United States]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Writer|first=Molly Montgomery SUN Staff|title=County Takes Down Oñate Monument|url=http://www.riograndesun.com/news/county-takes-down-o-ate-monument/article_2530ed9c-af2f-11ea-b2e9-4f1a4633c37b.html|access-date=2020-06-15|website=Rio Grande SUN|date=15 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> It is unknown whether the statue will be returned to its place in the future, with a statement from Rio Arriba County Commission stating: "Rio Arriba County residents need to understand that a final policy decision has not been made about the Oñate statue other than its removal today to protect it from damage or destruction. The County Commission welcomes a respectful and civil discussion from its residents about the future of the Oñate statue."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Writer|first=Amanda Martinez|title=Oñate statue taken down, for now|url=https://www.taosnews.com/stories/onate-statue-taken-down-alcalde-nm,64370|access-date=2020-06-17|website=Taos News|date=15 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

====1998 400th anniversary of arrival====
{{main|Statue of Juan de Oñate (Albuquerque, New Mexico)}}

A memorial for Oñate was created for the New Mexico Cuarto Centenario (the 400th anniversary of Oñate's 1598 settlement). The memorial was meant to be a tri-cultural collaboration (Hispanic, Anglo, and [[Tewa]] Pueblo Native American), with Reynaldo "Sonny" Rivera, [[Betty Sabo]], and [[Nora Naranjo Morse]]. Because of the controversy surrounding Oñate, two separate memorials and perspectives were created.<ref>[https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/monumental-lies-update/ Monumental Lies].  [[Reveal (podcast)]]. December 8, 2018. Accessed May 4, 2019.</ref> Rivera and Sabo did a series of bronze statues of Oñate leading the first group of Spanish settlers into New Mexico titled "La Jornada," while Naranjo-Morse created an abstract land art from the desert itself of a large dirt spiral representing the Native American perspective titled "Numbe Whageh" (Tewa interpretation: Our Center Place).<ref>[https://themonumentous.com/la-jornada-numbe-whageh-cuarto-centenario-memorial/ La Jornada and Numbe Whageh Form the Cuarto Centenario Memorial to Represent the Past and Present of Albuquerque: Two Memorials, Many Perspectives, One Monument].</ref><ref>[https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/amst_fsp/1/ New Mexico's Cuarto Centenario: History in Visual Dialogue]. [[The Public Historian]], Vol. 33, No. 1 (Winter 2011), pp. 44–72. Accessed May 5, 2019, from [[University of New Mexico]] Digital Repository</ref> It is located at the [[Albuquerque Museum of Art and History|Albuquerque Museum]].

====2014 400th anniversary of exile====
In 1614, Oñate was exiled from what is now New Mexico and charged with mismanagement and excessive cruelty, especially at the [[Acoma massacre]] in [[Acoma Pueblo|Acoma]]. In 1599, after killing 500 warriors and 300 women and children, he ordered the right foot be chopped off of all surviving 24 Acoma warriors. Men and boys between the ages of 12 and 25 were also enslaved for 20 years, along with all of the women and girls above the age of 12. When King Phillip of Spain heard the news from Acoma, Oñate was brought up on 30 charges of mismanagement and excessive cruelty. He was found guilty of cruelty, immorality, and false reporting and was exiled to Spain to live out the remainder of his life. 2014 marked the 400th anniversary of Juan de Oñate's exile from New Mexico. Despite his atrocities, Oñate is still celebrated today at the Española Valley Fiestas.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://greenfiretimes.com/2014/08/remembering-400-years-of-exile/#.VaAazvlVhBc | title = Remembering 400 Years of Exile | author = Matthew J. Martinez | date = August 2014 | access-date = 2015-07-10 | archive-date = 2018-08-26 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180826043940/https://greenfiretimes.com/2014/08/remembering-400-years-of-exile/#.VaAazvlVhBc | url-status = dead }}</ref>