Editing Journalism (section)

====Great Britain====
{{Main|History of journalism in the United Kingdom}}
By 1900 popular journalism in Britain aimed at the largest possible audience, including the working class, had proven a success and made its profits through advertising. [[Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe]] (1865–1922), "More than anyone... shaped the modern press. Developments he introduced or harnessed remain central: broad contents, exploitation of advertising revenue to subsidize prices, aggressive marketing, subordinate regional markets, independence from party control.<ref>[[P. P. Catterall]] and [[Colin Seymour-Ure]], "Northcliffe, Viscount." in John Ramsden, ed. ''The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century British Politics'' (2002) p. 475.</ref> His ''[[Daily Mail]]'' held the world record for daily circulation until his death. Prime Minister [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Lord Salisbury]] quipped it was "written by office boys for office boys".<ref>''Oxford Dictionary of Quotations'' (1975).</ref>

Described as "the scoop of the century", as a rookie journalist for ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' in 1939 [[Clare Hollingworth]] was the first to report the outbreak of [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Clare Hollingworth: British war correspondent dies aged 105|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-38573643|work=BBC News|date=10 January 2017}}</ref> While travelling from Poland to Germany, she spotted and reported German forces massed on the Polish border; ''The Daily Telegraph'' headline read: "1,000 tanks massed on Polish border "; three days later she was the first to report the [[Invasion of Poland|German invasion of Poland]].<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/10/business/media/clare-hollingworth-reporter-who-broke-news-of-world-war-ii-dies-at-105.html "Clare Hollingworth, Reporter Who Broke News of World War II, Dies at 105"], ''The New York Times'', 10 January 2017</ref>

During World War II, [[George Orwell]] worked as a journalist at ''[[The Observer]]'' for seven years, and its editor [[David Astor]] gave a copy of Orwell's essay "[[Politics and the English Language]]"—a critique of vague, slovenly language—to every new recruit.<ref name="Good journalism"/> In 2003, literary editor at the newspaper [[Robert McCrum]] wrote, "Even now, it is quoted in our style book".<ref name="Good journalism">{{cite news |title=George Orwell and the eternal truths of good journalism |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/nov/09/georgeorwell |access-date=19 July 2021 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref>