Editing Jarvis Island (section)

==National Wildlife Refuge==
[[File:Coral at Jarvis Island National Wildlife Refuge.jpg|thumb|Coral at Jarvis Island National Wildlife Refuge]]
[[File:Corl0141 (27328449664).jpg|thumb|Grey reef shark in the waters of Jarvis Island]]
On June 27, 1974, Secretary of the Interior [[Rogers Morton]] created Jarvis Island National Wildlife Refuge, which was expanded in 2009 to add submerged lands within {{convert|12|nmi|km}} of the island. The refuge now includes {{convert|1273|acre|km2}} of land and {{convert|428580|acre|km2}} of water.<ref>{{cite web | last = White | first = Susan | title = Welcome to Jarvis Island National Wildlife Refuge | publisher = U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service | date = October 26, 2011 | url = http://www.fws.gov/jarvisisland/ | access-date = March 4, 2012 | archive-date = September 4, 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140904070329/http://www.fws.gov/jarvisisland/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> Along with six other islands, the island was administered by the [[U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]] as part of the Pacific Remote Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex. In January 2009, that entity was upgraded to the [[Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument]] by President [[George W. Bush]].<ref>{{cite web | last = Bush | first = George W. | author-link = George W. Bush | title = Establishment of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument: A Proclamation by the President of the United States of America | publisher = [[White House]] | date = January 6, 2009 | url = https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2009/01/20090106-6.html | access-date = March 4, 2012}}</ref>

A [[feral cat]] population, descendants of cats likely brought by colonists in 1937,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hess |first1=S. C. |last2=Jacobi |first2=J. D. |date=2011 |title=The history of mammal eradications in Hawai'i and the United States associated islands of the Central Pacific |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70175012 |journal=Proceedings of the International Conference on Island Invasives |language=en |pages=67–73}}</ref> wrought disruption to the island's wildlife and vegetation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rauzon |first=Mark J. |date=1985 |title=Feral cats on Jarvis Island: their effects and their eradication |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00775630.282.1 |journal=Atoll Research Bulletin |volume=282 |pages=1–30 |doi=10.5479/si.00775630.282.1 |issn=0077-5630}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kirkpatrick |first1=Ralph D. |last2=Rauzon |first2=Mark J. |date=1986 |title=Foods of Feral Cats Felis catus on Jarvis and Howland Islands, Central Pacific Ocean |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2388365 |journal=Biotropica |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=72 |doi=10.2307/2388365|jstor=2388365 |bibcode=1986Biotr..18...72K }}</ref> Including the complete removal of rats, but not the mice,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Dilley |first1=Ben J. |last2=Schramm |first2=Michael |last3=Ryan |first3=Peter G. |date=2017 |title=Modest increases in densities of burrow-nesting petrels following the removal of cats (Felis catus) from Marion Island |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00300-016-1985-z |journal=Polar Biology |language=en |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=625–637 |doi=10.1007/s00300-016-1985-z |bibcode=2017PoBio..40..625D |issn=0722-4060}}</ref> which had been introduced to the island previously.<ref name=":0" /> These cats were removed through efforts which began in the mid-1960s and lasted until 1990 when they were completely eradicated.<ref>{{cite web | title = Jarvis Island National Wildlife Refuge | publisher = U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service | url = http://www.fws.gov/refuges/profiles/index.cfm?id=12513 | access-date = March 4, 2012}}</ref> Since cats were removed, seabird numbers and diversity have increased.<ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Rauzon |first1=M. J. |last2=Forsell |first2=D. J. |last3=Flint |first3=E. N. |last4=Gove |first4=J. M. |date=2011 |title=Island Invasives: Eradication and Management |chapter=Howland, Baker and Jarvis Islands 25 years after cat eradication: the recovery of seabirds in a biogeographical context |url=http://www.issg.org/pdf/publications/Island_Invasives/pdfHQprint/3Rauzon.pdf |page=346 |access-date=December 4, 2020 |archive-date=October 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010035527/http://www.issg.org/pdf/publications/Island_Invasives/pdfHQprint/3Rauzon.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Among the seabirds that returned to Jarvis Island with [[Gray-backed Tern|gray-backed terns]] rebuilding quickly and [[Petrel|petrels]] taking longer to reestablish themselves on the island.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Nineteenth-century tram track remains can be seen in the dried lagoon bed at the island's center, and the late 1930s-era lighthouse-shaped [[day beacon]] still stands on the western shore at the site of Millersville.

Public entry to anyone, including U.S. citizens, on Jarvis Island requires a special-use permit and is generally restricted to scientists and educators. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the [[United States Coast Guard]] periodically visit Jarvis.<ref name="United States Pacific Island Wildli"/>