Editing Jan Mayen (section)

====First verified discoveries: mapping and naming====
[[File:C.G. Zorgdragers Bloeyende opkomst der aloude en hedendaagsche Groenlandsche visschery - no-nb digibok 2014010724007-V5.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|A map of Jan Mayen during the Golden Age of Dutch exploration and discovery (c. 1590s–1720s). This is a typical map created by Dutch cartographers from the [[Golden Age of Dutch cartography|Golden Age of Netherlandish cartography]].]]
The first verified discoveries of Jan Mayen, by three separate expeditions, occurred in the summer of 1614, probably within one month of each other. The Dutchman Fopp Gerritsz, whilst in command of a whaling expedition sent out by the Englishman John Clarke, of [[Dunkirk]], claimed (in 1631) to have discovered the island on 28 June and named it "Isabella".<ref name="Hacq">Louwrens Hacquebord, "The Jan Mayen Whaling Industry" in ''Jan Mayen Island in Scientific Focus'', Stig Skreslet, editor, Springer Verlag 2004</ref><ref name="Holland">
{{cite book
|last=Holland
|first=Clive
|title=Arctic Exploration and Development, c. 500 B.C. to 1915: an encyclopedia
|publisher=Garland
|year=1994
|location=New York
}}</ref><ref>Hart, S. ''De eerste Nederlandse tochten ter walvisvaart'' (1957), p. 50. Hart says it occurred in 1613.</ref> In January the ''[[Noordsche Compagnie]]'' (Northern Company), modelled on the [[Dutch East India Company]], had been established to support Dutch whaling in the Arctic. Two of its ships, financed by merchants from [[Amsterdam]] and [[Enkhuizen]], reached Jan Mayen in July 1614. 

The captains of these ships—[[Jan Jacobszoon May van Schellinkhout]] (after whom the island was ultimately named) on the ''Gouden Cath'' (Golden Cat), and Jacob de Gouwenaer on the ''Orangienboom'' (Orange Tree)—named it ''Mr. Joris Eylant'' after the Dutch cartographer [[Joris Carolus]] who was on board and mapped the island. The captains acknowledged that a third Dutch ship, the ''Cleyn Swaentgen'' (Little Swan) captained by Jan Jansz Kerckhoff and financed by ''Noordsche Compagnie'' shareholders from [[Delft]], had already been at the island when they arrived. They had assumed the latter, who named the island ''Maurits Eylandt'' (or Mauritius) after [[Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange]], would report their discovery to the [[States General of the Netherlands|States General]]. However, the Delft merchants had decided to keep the discovery secret and returned in 1615 to hunt for their own profit. The ensuing dispute was only settled in 1617, though both companies were allowed to whale at Jan Mayen in the meantime.<ref name="Hacq" />

In 1615, the English whaler [[Robert Fotherby]] went ashore. Apparently thinking he had made a new discovery, he named the island "Sir Thomas Smith's Island" and the volcano "Mount Hakluyt".<ref name="Wordie" /><ref>Alexander King, J. N. Jennings: The Imperial College Expedition to Jan Mayen Island. ''The Geographical Journal'', Vol. 94, No. 2 (Aug 1939), pp. 115-131</ref> On a map of c. 1634, [[Jean Vrolicq]] renamed the island ''Île de Richelieu''.<ref>Among others: Henrat, P. 1984. ''French Naval Operations in Spitsbergen During Louis XIV's Reign''. Arctic 37: 544-551, p.544. Conway, William Martin (1906). ''[https://archive.org/details/nomanslandahist00conwgoog No Man's Land: A History of Spitsbergen from Its Discovery in 1596 to the Beginning of the Scientific Exploration of the Country]''. Cambridge, At the University Press, p. 79. He called it "Pico" according to Dalgård, Sune (1962). ''Dansk-Norsk Hvalfangst 1615-1660: En Studie over Danmark-Norges Stilling i Europæisk Merkantil Expansion.'' G.E.C Gads Forlag, p.160</ref>

Jan Mayen first appeared on [[Willem Jansz Blaeu]]'s 1620 edition map of Europe, originally published by Cornelis Doedz in 1606. Blaeu, who lived in Amsterdam, named it "Jan Mayen" after captain [[Jan Jacobszoon May van Schellinkhout]] of the Amsterdam-financed ''Gouden Cath''. Blaeu made the first detailed map of the island in his famous "Zeespiegel" atlas of 1623, establishing its current name.<ref name="Hacq" />