Editing Ivy League (section)

====Integration of athletic competition in the ''Ivy League''====
[[File:The 1879 Brown University Baseball Team.jpg|thumb|The 1879 Brown varsity baseball team. [[William Edward White|W.E. White]] (seated second from right) may have been the [[Baseball color line|first African-American]] to play major league baseball.<ref>Robert Siegel, "Black Baseball Pioneer William White's 1879 Game," National Public Radio, broadcast January 30, 2004 (audio at npr.org); Stefan Fatsis, [https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB107541676333815810 "Mystery of Baseball: Was William White Game's First Black?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307215344/http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB107541676333815810 |date=March 7, 2014 }}, ''Wall Street Journal'', January 30, 2004; Peter Morris and Stefan Fatsis, "Baseball's Secret Pioneer: William Edward White, the first black player in major-league history," ''Slate'', February 4, 2014; Rick Harris, ''Brown University Baseball: A Legacy of the game'' (Charleston: The History Press, 2012), pp. 41–43</ref>]]
The integration of athletics followed a similar pattern to the overall integration of the Ivy League's in the 19th and early 20th century. There was no active policy that would discriminate against incorporating Black student athletes into the athletic coalition. Harvard has the earliest record of breaking the color barrier in athletics after recruiting [[William H. Lewis|William Henry Lewis]] to their [[Harvard Crimson football|football team]] in 1892.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Harvard Athletics and Black History |url=https://gocrimson.com/news/2021/1/19/general-harvard-athletics-and-black-history.aspx |access-date=2022-12-08 |website=Harvard University |date=February 2021 |language=en |archive-date=December 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208183202/https://gocrimson.com/news/2021/1/19/general-harvard-athletics-and-black-history.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Dartmouth followed suit, with Black athletes integrating onto their football teams in 1904.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Black History Month: Pioneer Profiles |url=https://dartmouthsports.com/news/2021/2/18/black-history-month-pioneer-profiles-210217.aspx |access-date=2022-12-08 |website=Dartmouth College Athletics |language=en |archive-date=December 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208183204/https://dartmouthsports.com/news/2021/2/18/black-history-month-pioneer-profiles-210217.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Brown integrated their football team shortly after, in 1916.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fritz Pollard, Class of 1919 |url=https://www.brown.edu/about/history/timeline/fritz-pollard-class-1919 |access-date=2022-12-08 |website=Brown University Timeline |language=en |archive-date=December 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208183206/https://www.brown.edu/about/history/timeline/fritz-pollard-class-1919 |url-status=live }}</ref> Cornell would follow suit in 1937.

[[File:Track (men's), 1907 ICAA point winners UPenn.jpg|thumb|right|The University of Pennsylvania men's track team was the 1907 [[IC4A]] point winner. Left to right: Guy Haskins, R.C. Folwell, T.R. Moffitt, [[John Taylor (relay runner)|John Baxter Taylor, Jr.]], the first black athlete in the U.S. to win a gold medal in the Olympics,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/79112 |title=John Taylor |work=Olympedia |access-date=5 March 2021 |archive-date=August 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816111659/https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/79112 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Nathaniel Cartmell]], and J.D. Whitham (seated)]]
Penn had black students on their track and field team as early as 1903 ([[John Taylor (relay runner)|John Baxter Taylor, Jr.]], the first black athlete in the U.S. to win a gold medal in the Olympics) and a black student was named captain of the track team in 1918.<ref>{{Cite web |last=March |first=Lochlahn |title=Breaking barriers: Documenting the illustrious history of Black athletes at Penn |url=https://www.thedp.com/article/2020/09/penn-athletics-black-documenting-illustrious-history-ivy-league-discrimination-integration |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=www.thedp.com |language=en-us |archive-date=December 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208183215/https://www.thedp.com/article/2020/09/penn-athletics-black-documenting-illustrious-history-ivy-league-discrimination-integration |url-status=live }}</ref> Columbia's track and field team would be integrated in 1934.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ben Johnson {{!}} Columbia Celebrates Black History and Culture |url=https://blackhistory.news.columbia.edu/people/ben-johnson |access-date=2022-12-08 |website=blackhistory.news.columbia.edu |archive-date=December 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208183204/https://blackhistory.news.columbia.edu/people/ben-johnson |url-status=live }}</ref> Basketball would become integrated at Yale in 1926,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jay Swift, the first African-American to play a varsity sport at Yale, is remembered here during Black History Month |date=February 14, 2018 |url=https://roundballdaily.com/2018/02/13/jay-swift-first-african-american-play-varsity-sport-yale-remembered-black-history-month/ |access-date=2022-12-08 |language=en-US |archive-date=December 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208184706/https://roundballdaily.com/2018/02/13/jay-swift-first-african-american-play-varsity-sport-yale-remembered-black-history-month/ |url-status=live }}</ref> at Princeton in 1947.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ivy League Black History |url=http://ivy50.com/blackhistory/story.aspx?sid=1/7/2009 |access-date=2022-12-08 |website=ivy50.com |archive-date=December 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208183200/http://ivy50.com/blackhistory/story.aspx?sid=1/7/2009 |url-status=live }}</ref>