Editing Ivory Coast (section)

===Second civil war===
{{main|Ivorian presidential election, 2010|Second Ivorian Civil War}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; float:right; margin-right:9px; margin-left:2px;"
|-
| align="right" | [[File:Alassane Ouattara UNESCO 09-2011.jpg|150px]] || align="right" | [[File:Daniel Kablan Duncan 2014.png|180px]]
|-
| align="center" |[[Alassane Ouattara]]<br /><small>[[President of Ivory Coast|President]] since 2010</small>
| align="center" |[[Daniel Kablan Duncan]]<br /><small>[[Prime Minister of Ivory Coast|Prime Minister]] from 2012 to 2017</small>
|}

The presidential elections that should have been organised in 2005 were postponed until November 2010. The preliminary results showed a loss for Gbagbo in favour of former Prime Minister Ouattara.<ref name=Thousands26>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12079552|access-date=26 December 2010|publisher=[[BBC News]]|title=Thousands flee Ivory Coast for Liberia amid poll crisis|date=26 December 2010|archive-date=26 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101226044156/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12079552|url-status=live}}</ref> The ruling FPI contested the results before the [[Constitutional Council (Ivory Coast)|Constitutional Council]], charging massive fraud in the northern departments controlled by the rebels of the New Forces. These charges were contradicted by United Nations observers (unlike African Union observers).{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}}  The report of the results led to severe tension and violent incidents. The Constitutional Council, which consisted of Gbagbo supporters, declared the results of seven northern departments unlawful and that Gbagbo had won the elections with 51% of the vote – instead of Ouattara winning with 54%, as reported by the Electoral Commission.<ref name="Thousands26" /> After the inauguration of Gbagbo, Ouattara—who was recognised as the winner by most countries and the United Nations—organised an alternative inauguration. These events raised fears of a resurgence of the civil war; thousands of refugees fled the country.<ref name="Thousands26" /> The African Union sent [[Thabo Mbeki]], former president of South Africa, to mediate the conflict. The United Nations Security Council adopted a resolution recognising Ouattara as the winner of the elections, based on the position of the [[Economic Community of West African States]], which suspended Ivory Coast from all its decision-making bodies<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.ecowas.int/presseshow.php?nb=188&lang=en&annee=2010|url-status=dead|title=Final Communique on the Extraordinary Session of the Authority of Heads of State and Government on Cote D'Ivoire|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110503190625/http://news.ecowas.int/presseshow.php?nb=188&lang=en&annee=2010 |archive-date=3 May 2011|publisher=[[Economic Community of West African States]] (ECOWAS)|date=7 December 2010}}</ref> while the African Union also suspended the country's membership.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2010/december/Communiqu%C3%A9%20of%20the%20252nd.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Communique of the 252nd Meeting of the Peace and Security Council|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110206013356/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2010/december/Communiqu%C3%A9%20of%20the%20252nd.pdf |archive-date= 6 February 2011|publisher=[[African Union]]|date=9 December 2010}}</ref>

In 2010, a colonel of Ivory Coast armed forces, Nguessan Yao, was arrested in New York in a year-long [[U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement]] operation charged with procuring and illegal export of weapons and munitions: 4,000 handguns, 200,000 rounds of ammunition, and 50,000 tear-gas grenades, in violation of a UN embargo.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ice.gov/news/releases/ice-deports-ivory-coast-army-colonel-convicted-arms-trafficking |date=30 November 2012 |title=ICE deports Ivory Coast army colonel convicted of arms trafficking |publisher=[[Immigration and Customs Enforcement ]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227213707/https://www.ice.gov/news/releases/ice-deports-ivory-coast-army-colonel-convicted-arms-trafficking |archive-date=27 February 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Several other Ivory Coast officers were released because they had diplomatic passports. His accomplice, Michael Barry Shor, an international trader, was located in Virginia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2010/09/21/FBI-nabbed-colonel-on-official-business/UPI-16431285082800/|title=FBI nabbed colonel on official business|work=[[United Press International]]|date=21 September 2010|access-date=22 March 2012|archive-date=25 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825205019/http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2010/09/21/FBI-nabbed-colonel-on-official-business/UPI-16431285082800/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>''United States v. Shor'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20180227130349/https://cases.justia.com/federal/appellate-courts/ca9/13-10642/13-10642-2015-12-18.pdf?ts=1450472514 Order on appeal from summary judgment], [[Ninth Circuit|9th Cir.]] Case No. 5:10-cr-00434-RMW-1, (18 December 2015).</ref>[[File:Internally Displaced Persons Duekoue 2011 Cote dIvoire.jpg|thumb|A shelter for internally displaced persons during the 2011 civil war]]
The 2010 presidential election led to the [[2010–2011 Ivorian crisis]] and the Second Ivorian Civil War. International organisations reported numerous human-rights violations by both sides. In [[Duékoué]], hundreds of people were killed. In nearby [[Bloléquin]], dozens were killed.<ref>{{cite web|date=27 April 2011|last=DiCampo|first=Peter|title=An Uncertain Future|url=http://pulitzercenter.org/articles/ivory-coast-gbagbo-election-violence|website=Ivory Coast: Elections Turn to War|publisher=Pulitzer Center|access-date=8 August 2011|archive-date=9 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709221150/http://pulitzercenter.org/articles/ivory-coast-gbagbo-election-violence|url-status=live}}</ref> UN and French forces took military action against Gbagbo.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/ivory-coast-strongman-arrested-after-french-forces-intervene/2011/04/11/AFOBaeKD_story.html |title= Ivory Coast strongman arrested after French forces intervene |first1= Colum |last1= Lynch |first2= William |last2= Branigin |newspaper= [[Washington Post]] |date= 11 April 2011 |access-date= 12 April 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110413014353/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/ivory-coast-strongman-arrested-after-french-forces-intervene/2011/04/11/AFOBaeKD_story.html |archive-date= 13 April 2011 |url-status= live |df= dmy-all }}</ref> Gbagbo was taken into custody after a raid into his residence on 11 April 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-04-11|title=Ivory Coast's Laurent Gbagbo arrested – four months on|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/11/ivory-coast-former-leader-arrested|access-date=2021-06-01|website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> The country was severely damaged by the war, and it was observed that Ouattara had inherited a formidable challenge to rebuild the economy and [[Refugees from Ivory Coast|reunite Ivorians]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/apr/11/ivory-coast-gbagbo-ouattara-economic-crisis|title=The war is over — but Ouattara's struggle has barely begun|work=The Guardian|date=11 April 2011|first=Thalia|last=Griffiths|access-date=11 December 2016|archive-date=11 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170311211659/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/apr/11/ivory-coast-gbagbo-ouattara-economic-crisis|url-status=live}}</ref> Gbagbo was taken to the [[International Criminal Court]] in January 2016. He was declared acquitted by the court but given a conditional release<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20190201-icc-orders-conditional-release-ex-ivory-coast-leader-laurent-gbagbo|title=ICC orders conditional release of ex-Ivory Coast leader Gbagbo|date=1 February 2019|publisher=[[France 24]]|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306180427/https://www.france24.com/en/20190201-icc-orders-conditional-release-ex-ivory-coast-leader-laurent-gbagbo|url-status=live}}</ref> in January 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/01/15/africa/laurent-gbagbo-acquitted-by-icc/index.html |title=Former Ivory Coast President Laurent Gbagbo freed by International Criminal Court |date=15 January 2019 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=[[CNN]] |archive-date=15 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115161741/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/01/15/africa/laurent-gbagbo-acquitted-by-icc/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Belgium has been designated as a host country.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/ivory-coast-president-laurent-gbagbo-released-belgium-190206061604107.html|title=Ivory Coast's ex-president Laurent Gbagbo released to Belgium|publisher=[[Al Jazeera Arabic|Al Jazeera]]|access-date=6 March 2019|archive-date=4 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304100855/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/02/ivory-coast-president-laurent-gbagbo-released-belgium-190206061604107.html|url-status=live}}</ref>