Editing Iran (section)

===The Seljuks and the Mongol Invasions===
From the empire's inception, the Seljuk rulers minted coins with the title ''šāhānšāh'' ({{Literal translation|King of Kings}}) in its Persian form,{{sfn|Barthold|1962|p=108}} perhaps adopting it from the Buyids.{{Sfn|Blair|1992|p=6}} The Seljuk Empire fractured after the death of Ahmad Sanjar in 1157 and its vassals became effectively independent.{{sfn|El-Azhari|2019|p=311}} One of these vassals was the [[Anushtegin dynasty]], which ruled the [[Khwarazm]] region. The ruling dynasty were descendants of [[Anushtegin Gharchai]], a former Turkic slave of the Seljuq sultans.{{Sfn|Bosworth|1986}} In 1194, the Khwarazmian ruler [[Ala al-Din Tekish|Tekish]] conquered western Iran and Iraq from the remnants of the Seljuk Empire.{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=307}} The Khwarazmian rulers used the ancient title [[Khwarazmshah|''xwârazmšāh'']], traditionally held by Iranian rulers of Khwarazm.{{Sfn|Bosworth|2009}} [[Konye-Urgench|Urganj]] was the Khwarazmian capital.{{Sfn|Bosworth|2009}}

In the early thirteenth century, the Mongols reached Iran. The region around [[Bukhara]] was conquered in 1220{{Sfn|Aigle|2024|p=26}} and the Khwarazmian Empire was destroyed.{{Sfn|Bosworth|2009}} Over the following decades, further conquests followed in the Middle East, culminating in the [[Siege of Baghdad|fall of Baghdad]] and end of the [[Abbasid Caliphate]]'s rule there in 1258.{{Sfn|Lane|2012|p=250}}