Editing International Brigades (section)

=== Brigadistas by country of origin ===
The below table reflects citizenship rather than the country of recruitment. Probably more than 50% of all volunteers were recruited in France; apart from Frenchmen, they were either economic migrants, political refugees or both. Most volunteers holding citizenship of Germany, Italy and eastern European countries (Poland, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Hungary) were recruited in western Europe.

:{| class="wikitable"
|-
!width=16%| '''Country''' !!width=16%| '''Estimate''' !!width=68%| Notes
|-
| {{flagdeco|France|1830}} [[French Third Republic|France]] ||8,962<ref name="BeevorLefebvre">{{harvnb | Lefebvre | Skoutelsky | 2003|p= 16}}. Quoted by {{harvnb|Beevor|2006|p= 468}}.</ref>–9,000<ref name="Thomas 2003" /><ref name="Marty">Quoted in {{harvnb|Alvarez |1996}}.</ref> ||
|-
| {{flagdeco|Kingdom of Italy}} [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]] || 3,000<ref name="BeevorLefebvre" /><ref name="Marty" />–3,350<ref name="Thomas 1961">{{harvnb|Thomas|2003|pp=634–639}}</ref> ||
|-
| {{flagdeco|Nazi Germany}} [[Nazi Germany|Germany]]
| rowspan="2" | 3,000<ref name="Thomas 2003" />–5,000<ref name="Marty" /> Beevor quotes 2,217 Germans and 872 Austrians.<ref name="BeevorLefebvre" /> ||
|-
|{{flagdeco|Austria|state}} [[Federal State of Austria|Austria]]
|[[Austrian resistance|Austrian Resistance]] [[Documentation Centre of Austrian Resistance|documents]] name 1,400 Austrians. [[Anschluss|Annexed in 1938 by Germany]].
|-
| {{flagdeco|Poland|1928}} [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]] || 500<ref>the number of volunteers arriving directly from Poland is estimated at 500, 600, 800 or at best 1,200, {{cite book |last=Cieplewicz |first=Mieczysław |year=1990 |title=Zarys dziejów wojskowości polskiej w latach 1864–1939 |page=734 |language=pl}}, {{harvnb|Pietrzak|2016|page=65}}</ref>–5,000<ref>the figure of 5,000 volunteers "from Poland" at times appears in general Polish public discourse or in semi-scientific publications, compare "all in all, in Spain there were some 5,000 volunteers from Poland", {{cite web | last=Szymowski | first=Leszek | title=Wojna domowa w Hiszpanii: Pomocnicy spod czerwonej gwiazdy | website=Rzeczpospolita | date=2018-07-29 | url=https://historia.rp.pl/historia/art1827171-wojna-domowa-w-hiszpanii-pomocnicy-spod-czerwonej-gwiazdy | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220123927/https://www.rp.pl/Rzecz-o-historii/307269917-Wojna-domowa-w-Hiszpanii-Pomocnicy-spod-czerwonej-gwiazdy.html | archive-date=2019-12-20 | url-status=live | language=pl }}, "there were some 5,000 volunteers from Poland during the Civil War in Spain", {{cite web |last=Siek |first=Magdalena |year=2010 |url=https://www.jhi.pl/uploads/inventory/file/202/Wojna_domowa_w_Hiszpanii_332.pdf  |title=Wojna domowa w Hiszpanii. Wstęp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718074239/http://www.jhi.pl/uploads/inventory/file/202/Wojna_domowa_w_Hiszpanii_332.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2019 |page=2}}. Older Polish prints, often intended for propaganda purposes, when quoting the 5,000 figure referred more vaguely to "Polish volunteers", "Polish citizens" or "Poles", see e.g. "over 5,000 Polish volunteers", {{cite news |title=Dąbrowszczacy. Tow. Eugeniusz Szyr o udziale Polaków w antyfaszystowskiej walce ludu hiszpańskiego |newspaper=Trybuna Ludu |date=21 October 1966 |page=3}}, quoted after {{cite journal |last=Różycki |first=Bartłomiej |year=2013 |title=Dąbrowszczacy i pamięć o hiszpańskiej wojnie domowej |journal=Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość |volume=12|issue=1 |page=186}}. In present-day Polish historiography the figure of 5,000 "Polish volunteers" is relatively rare, but it does appear, see e.g. "it is accepted that they were ca. 4,5-5,000", {{harvnb|Pietrzak|2016|page=6}}</ref> || International historiography tends to hover around the figure of 3,000 "Poles".<ref name="Thomas 2003" /><ref name="Marty" /><ref name="BeevorLefebvre" /> It includes migrants from Poland but recruited in France and Belgium, who made up some 75% of the Polish contingent;<ref>{{harvnb|Pietrzak|2016|page=65}}</ref> it also includes volunteers of Belarusian, Ukrainian and especially Jewish origin; the latter might have accounted for 45% of all volunteers classified as "Poles".<ref>{{harvnb|Siek|2010|p= 2}}; similar claim (2,250 Jews out of 5,000 volunteers from Poland) in Albert Prago, ''Jews in the International Brigades'', [in:] ''Jewish Currents'' 13 (1979), p. 17</ref>
|-
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}|| 2,500<ref>{{cite book |authorlink=Richard Baxell |first=Richard |last=Baxell |title=British Volunteers in the Spanish Civil War |year=2012}}</ref>
||
|-
| {{flag|United States|1912}}||2,341<ref name="BeevorLefebvre" />–2,800<ref name="Marty" /><ref name="Thomas 1961" /> ||
|-
| {{flagdeco|Czechoslovakia}} [[First Czechoslovak Republic|Czechoslovakia]] || 2,200<ref>David Majtenyi, [https://publikace.nm.cz/neperiodicke-publikace/rikali-jim-spanelaci Jiří Rajlich, ''Říkali jim Španěláci''], Prague 2021, {{ISBN|978-80-7573-099-2}}</ref> || some 20% of volunteers from Czechoslovakia were Germans, and some 11% were Hungarians<ref>Maroš Timko, ''Czechoslovak-Spanish relations (1918-1977)'' [MA thesis Charles University in Prague], Prague 2022, p. 28</ref>
|-
| {{flagdeco|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}} [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]
| 1,900<ref name="Thomas 2003" />–2,095<ref name="BeevorLefebvre" /> ||
|-
| {{flag|Belgium}}|| 1,600<ref name="Marty" />–1,722<ref name="BeevorLefebvre" /> ||
|-
| {{flag|Canada|1921}}|| 1,546–2,000<ref name="Marty" /> ||Thomas estimates 1,000.<ref name="Thomas 1961" />
|-
| {{flagdeco|Cuba|1803}} [[Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)|Cuba]]|| 1,101<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.albavolunteer.org/2012/07/los-voluntarios-cubanos-en-la-guerra-de-espana/|title=Los voluntarios cubanos en la GCE|access-date=25 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504020933/http://www.albavolunteer.org/2012/07/los-voluntarios-cubanos-en-la-guerra-de-espana/|archive-date=4 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.albavolunteer.org/2011/08/new-book-on-cubans-in-scw/|title=New book on Cubans in SCW|access-date=25 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511201351/http://www.albavolunteer.org/2011/08/new-book-on-cubans-in-scw/|archive-date=11 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> ||
|-
| {{flag|Argentina|1861}}||740<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.albavolunteer.org/2010/06/voluntarios-argentinos-en-la-brigada-xv-abraham-lincoln/|title=Voluntarios Argentinos en la Brigada XV Abraham Lincoln|date=June 2010|access-date=25 April 2015|archive-date=2 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502102730/http://www.albavolunteer.org/2010/06/voluntarios-argentinos-en-la-brigada-xv-abraham-lincoln/|url-status=live}}</ref> ||
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| {{flag|Netherlands}} ||628<ref name="BeevorLefebvre" />–691<ref>{{cite book |first1=Lodewijk |last1=Petram |first2=Samuël |last2=Kruizinga |title=De oorlog tegemoet |year=2020 |page=262}}</ref>||
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| {{flag|Denmark}} ||550 || 220 died.
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| {{flagdeco|Hungary|1920}} [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Hungary]] ||528<ref name="BeevorLefebvre" />–1,500<ref name="Thomas 2003" /> ||
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| {{flag|Sweden}}||500<ref name="Thomas 2003, p. 943">{{harvnb|Thomas|2003|p=943}}</ref> || Est. 799<ref name="BeevorLefebvre" />–1,000<ref name="Thomas 1961" /> from Scandinavia (of whom 500 were Swedes<ref name="Thomas 2003, p. 943" />).
|-
| {{flagdeco|Romania}} [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] || 500 ||
|-
| {{flagdeco|Bulgaria}} [[Kingdom of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] ||462 ||
|-
| {{flag|Switzerland}}||408<ref name="BeevorLefebvre" />–800<ref name = Swissinfo_2008 /> ||
|-
| {{flag|Lithuania|1918}}
|300–600<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.praeitiespaslaptys.lt/karu-istorija/lietuviai-ispanijos-pilietiniame-kare/|title=Lietuviai Ispanijos pilietiniame kare – Praeities paslaptys|website=www.praeitiespaslaptys.lt|language=lt-LT|access-date=2018-08-01|archive-date=2 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802011543/http://www.praeitiespaslaptys.lt/karu-istorija/lietuviai-ispanijos-pilietiniame-kare/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BeevorLefebvre" />
|
|-
| {{flagdeco|Ireland}} [[Irish Free State|Ireland]] || 250 || Split between the [[British Battalion]] and the [[Abraham Lincoln Battalion|Lincoln Battalion]] which included the famed [[Connolly Column]].
|-
| {{flag|Norway}}||225 || 100 died.<ref>* {{cite book | last1=Moen | first1=Jo Stein | last2=Sæther | first2=Rolf | title=Tusen dager | publisher=Gyldendal | publication-place=Oslo | date=2009 | isbn=978-82-05-39351-6 | language=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frifagbevegelse.no/norge/article2745093.ece|website=frifagbevegelse.no |title= Nyheter fra arbeidslivet og fagbevegelsen|access-date=25 April 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029194712/http://www.frifagbevegelse.no/norge/article2745093.ece|archive-date=29 October 2013 |language=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tusendager.no/|title=Tusen dager|access-date=25 April 2015|archive-date=3 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203120633/http://www.tusendager.no/|url-status=live|language=no}}</ref>
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| {{flag|Finland}}|| 225 || Including 78 [[Finnish Americans]] and 73 [[Finnish Canadians]], ca. 70 died.<ref>{{cite book | last=Juusela | first=Jyrki | title=Suomalaiset Espanjan sisällissodassa 1936-1939 | date=2003 | publisher=Atena Kustannus Oy | isbn=951-796-324-6 | language=fi}}</ref>
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| {{flagdeco|Estonia}} [[Estonia]] ||200<ref>{{harvnb|Kuuli|Riis|Utt|1965}}</ref><ref name="BeevorLefebvre" /> ||
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| {{flagdeco|Greece|royal}} [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]] || 290–400<ref name="eagainst.com">{{cite web|url=http://eagainst.com/articles/the-greek-antifascist-volunteers-in-the-spanish-civil-war/|title=The Greek antifascist volunteers in the Spanish Civil War|author=efor|work=EAGAINST.com|access-date=25 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010180200/http://eagainst.com/articles/the-greek-antifascist-volunteers-in-the-spanish-civil-war/| archive-date=10 October 2017| url-status=dead}}</ref> ||
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| {{flagdeco|Portugal}} [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Portugal]] || 134<ref name="BeevorLefebvre" />|| Due to the geographic and linguistic proximity most Portuguese volunteers joined the Republican forces directly and not the International Brigades (such is the case of [[:pt:Emídio Guerreiro|Emídio Guerreiro]] and that was the plan of the failed [[1936 Naval Revolt]]). At the time it was estimated that about 2,000 Portuguese fought on the Republican side, spread throughout different units (estimate of [[Jaime Cortesão]]).<ref>{{cite web | title=Jaime Cortesão e os antifascistas portugueses na Espanha republicana e na guerra civil | website=Esquerda | date=2021-01-30 | url=https://www.esquerda.net/artigo/jaime-cortesao-e-os-antifascistas-portugueses-na-espanha-republicana-e-na-guerra-civil/72547 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306144717/https://www.esquerda.net/artigo/jaime-cortesao-e-os-antifascistas-portugueses-na-espanha-republicana-e-na-guerra-civil/72547 | archive-date=2021-03-06 | url-status=live | language=pt}}</ref>
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| {{flag|Luxembourg}} ||103<ref>{{cite book |first=Henri |last=Wehenkel |title=D'Spueniekämpfer – volontaires de la Guerre d'Espagne partis du Luxembourg|year=1997 |page=14}}</ref> || ''Livre historiographic d'Henri Wehenkel'' – D'Spueniekämfer (1997)
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| {{flagdeco|China|1928}} [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]] || 100<ref>{{cite news | title = 朱德等赠给国际纵队中国支队的锦旗 | date = 31 May 2012 | publisher = [[National Museum of China]] | url = http://www.chnmuseum.cn/tabid/212/Default.aspx?AntiqueLanguageID=1442 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130116070845/http://www.chnmuseum.cn/tabid/212/Default.aspx?AntiqueLanguageID=1442 | url-status = dead | archive-date = 16 January 2013 | access-date = 31 May 2012 |language=zh}}</ref>||Organised by the [[Chinese Communist Party]], members were mostly overseas Chinese led by Xie Weijin.<ref>{{cite news | title = 战斗在西班牙反法西斯前线的中国支队 | date = 30 March 2005 | publisher = Luobinghui | url = http://www.luobinghui.com/krwj/yx/200503/1497.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080706092740/http://www.luobinghui.com/krwj/yx/200503/1497.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 6 July 2008 |language=zh}}</ref>
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| {{flag|Mexico|1934}}||90 ||
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| {{flagdeco|Cyprus|colonial}} [[British Cyprus|Cyprus]] ||60<ref name="eagainst.com" /> ||
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| {{flag|Australia}} || 60<ref name=Australians>{{cite web |title=Serving in Spain |url=http://archives.anu.edu.au/exhibitions/australia-spanish-civil-war-activism-reaction/serving-spain-international-brigades |website=Australia & the Spanish Civil War: Activism & Reaction |publisher=Australian National University |access-date=29 April 2019 |archive-date=3 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503130658/http://archives.anu.edu.au/exhibitions/australia-spanish-civil-war-activism-reaction/serving-spain-international-brigades |url-status=live }}</ref> || Of whom 16 killed.<ref name=Australians />
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| {{flagdeco|Philippines|1936}} [[Commonwealth of the Philippines|Philippines]] || 50<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pinoyhistory.proboards.com/thread/1673|title=Spanish Civil War – Filipino {{sic|Involement|nolink=y}}|access-date=25 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003946/http://pinoyhistory.proboards.com/thread/1673|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead |website=pinoyhistory.proboards.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.florentinorodao.com/scholarly/sch95b.htm|title=SPANISH FALANGE IN THE PHILIPPINES, 1936–1945| website=florentinorodao.com|access-date=25 April 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924013847/http://www.florentinorodao.com/scholarly/sch95b.htm|archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref> ||
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| {{flagdeco|Albania|1928}} [[Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)|Albania]] || 43 || Organised in the "[[Garibaldi Battalion]]" together with Italians. They were led by the Kosovar revolutionary [[Asim Vokshi]].
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| {{flag|Costa Rica|state}} || 24<ref name="Thomas 2003" /> ||
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| {{flagdeco|New Zealand}} [[Dominion of New Zealand|New Zealand]] || 20 <ref>{{cite web |title=The Spanish Civil War |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/spanish-civil-war |website=New Zealand History |publisher=New Zealand Government |access-date=29 April 2019 |archive-date=3 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503130655/https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/spanish-civil-war |url-status=live }}</ref> || Mixed into British units.
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| Others || 1,122<ref name="BeevorLefebvre" />|| according to some sources, there were between 8.000 and 10.000 Jews among all volunteers, mostly from Poland, the USA and France. This would make them the second largest or even the largest national group<ref>for 7,758 see Arno Lustiger, ''Schalom Libertad!'', Frankfurt a/M 1989, ISBN 3610085290, p. 61, for "around 10.000" see Magdalena Siek, ''Wstęp'', [in:] ''Wojna domowa w Hiszpanii. 1941-1987. Sygn. 332'', Warszawa 2010, p. 2</ref>
|}