Editing Individualism (section)

=== Egoist anarchism ===
{{main|Egoist anarchism}}
[[File:Stirner02.jpg|thumb|upright|Egoist philosopher [[Max Stirner]] has been called a proto-[[existentialist]] philosopher while at the same time is a central theorist of individualist anarchism.]]

Egoist anarchism is a school of [[anarchist thought]] that originated in the [[philosophy of Max Stirner]], a 19th-century [[Young Hegelians|Hegelian]] philosopher whose "name appears with familiar regularity in historically orientated surveys of anarchist thought as one of the earliest and best-known exponents of [[individualist anarchism]]."<ref name="SEP-Stirner"/> According to Stirner, the only limitation on the rights of the individual is their power to obtain what they desire,<ref name="The Encyclopedia Americana p. 176"/> without regard for God, state, or morality.<ref name="Miller, David 1987. p. 11"/> Stirner advocated self-assertion and foresaw [[unions of egoists]], non-systematic associations continually renewed by all parties' support through an act of will<ref name=nonserviam>{{cite journal|url=http://i-studies.com/journal/n/pdf/nsi-17.pdf#page=13 |title=The union of egoists |journal=Non Serviam |volume=1 |first=Svein Olav |last=Nyberg |pages=13–14 |location=Oslo, Norway |publisher=Svein Olav Nyberg |oclc=47758413 |access-date=1 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101207042220/http://i-studies.com/journal/n/pdf/nsi-17.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2010 }}</ref> which Stirner proposed as a form of organisation in place of the [[state (polity)|state]].<ref name=karl>{{cite book | last = Thomas | first = Paul |author-link=Paul Thomas (Marx scholar) |title=[[Karl Marx and the Anarchists]] | publisher = [[Routledge]]/[[Kegan Paul]] | location = London | year = 1985 | isbn = 0-7102-0685-2 |page=142}}</ref>

Egoist anarchists argue that egoism will foster genuine and spontaneous union between individuals.<ref name=carlson/> Egoism has inspired many interpretations of Stirner's philosophy, but it has also gone beyond Stirner within anarchism. It was re-discovered and promoted by German philosophical anarchist and [[LGBT]] activist [[John Henry Mackay]]. John Beverley Robinson wrote an essay called "Egoism" in which he states that "Modern egoism, as propounded by [[Max Stirner|Stirner]] and [[Nietzsche]], and expounded by [[Henrik Ibsen|Ibsen]], [[George Bernard Shaw|Shaw]] and others, is all these; but it is more. It is the realization by the individual that they are an individual; that, as far as they are concerned, they are the only individual."<ref name="robinson">{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Egoism_John_Beverley_Robinson|title=Egoism – The Anarchist Library}}</ref> Stirner and [[Nietzsche]], who [[Anarchism and Friedrich Nietzsche|exerted influence on anarchism]] despite its opposition, were [[Relationship between Friedrich Nietzsche and Max Stirner|frequently compared]] by French "literary anarchists" and anarchist interpretations of [[Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzschean ideas]] appear to have also been influential in the United States.<ref name="Ref_ae">O. Ewald, "German Philosophy in 1907", in The Philosophical Review, Vol. 17, No. 4, Jul., 1908, pp. 400–426; T. A. Riley, "Anti-Statism in German Literature, as Exemplified by the Work of John Henry Mackay", in PMLA, Vol. 62, No. 3, Sep. 1947, pp. 828–843; C. E. Forth, "Nietzsche, Decadence, and Regeneration in France, 1891–95", in Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 54, No. 1, Jan., 1993, pp. 97–117; see also Robert C. Holub's ''Nietzsche: Socialist, Anarchist, Feminist'', an essay available online at the University of California, Berkeley website.</ref>