Editing Hydrostatic shock (section)

===Ammunition selection for self-defense, military, and law enforcement===
In self-defense, military, and law enforcement communities, opinions vary regarding the importance of remote wounding effects in ammunition design and selection. In his book on hostage rescuers, Leroy Thompson discusses the importance of hydrostatic shock in choosing a specific design of [[.357 Magnum]] and [[9×19mm Parabellum]] bullets.<ref>Rescuers, Leroy Thompson (1988) p. 207</ref> In ''Armed and Female'', Paxton Quigley explains that hydrostatic shock is the real source of "[[stopping power]]."<ref>Armed and Female, Paxton Quigley, E.P. Dutton, 1989, p. 160</ref> Jim Carmichael, who served as shooting editor for ''[[Outdoor Life]]'' magazine for 25 years, believes that hydrostatic shock is important to "a more immediate disabling effect" and is a key difference in the performance of [[.38 Special]] and [[.357 Magnum]] hollow point bullets.<ref>The Woman’s Guide to Handguns, Jim Carmichael</ref> In "The search for an effective police handgun," Allen Bristow describes that police departments recognize the importance of hydrostatic shock when choosing ammunition.<ref>The search for an effective police handgun, Allen Bristow (1973) p. 69, 91</ref> A research group at West Point suggests handgun loads with at least {{convert|500|ft.lbf|J|abbr=on}} of energy and {{convert|12|in|mm}} of penetration and recommends:<ref>{{Cite arXiv |eprint = 0803.3053|last1 = Courtney|first1 = Michael|last2 = Courtney|first2 = Amy|title = The Ballistic Pressure Wave Theory of Handgun Bullet Incapacitation|year = 2008|class = physics.med-ph}}</ref>

{{blockquote| One should not be overly impressed by the propensity for shallow penetrating loads to produce larger pressure waves. Selection criteria should first determine the required penetration depth for the given risk assessment and application, and only use pressure wave magnitude as a selection criterion for loads meeting minimum penetration requirements. Reliable expansion, penetration, feeding, and functioning are all important aspects of load testing and selection. We do not advocate abandoning long-held aspects of the load testing and selection process, but it seems prudent to consider the pressure wave magnitude along with other factors.|Courtney and Courtney}}

A number of law enforcement and military agencies have adopted the [[5.7×28mm]] cartridge. These agencies include the [[United States Navy SEALs|Navy SEALs]]<ref>Meyr, Eitan (January 06, 1999). "Special Weapons for Counter-terrorist Units". Jane's — Law Enforcement. http://www.janes.com/security/law_enforcement/news/ipi/ipi0312.shtml</ref> and the [[United States Federal Protective Service|Federal Protective Service]] branch of the [[Immigration & Customs Enforcement|ICE]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.inthesetimes.com/article/1047/on_the_streets_of_new_york_security |title=On the Streets of New York: Security |date=September 3, 2004 |author=Allen, Terry J. |publisher=In These Times |access-date=2009-09-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fbo.gov/index?print_preview=1&s=opportunity&mode=form&id=62c8eeddbdcda0cf5644995690744cf4&tab=core&tabmode=list |title=Immigration & Customs Enforcement&nbsp;— Ammunition Solicitation Number |date=September 10, 2005 |website=fbo.gov |publisher=Federal Business Opportunities |access-date=2009-09-30}}</ref> In contrast, some defense contractors, law enforcement analysts, and military analysts say that hydrostatic shock is an unimportant factor when selecting cartridges for a particular use because any incapacitating effect it may have on a target is difficult to measure and inconsistent from one individual to the next{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}}. This is in contrast to factors such as proper shot placement and massive blood loss which are almost always eventually incapacitating for nearly every individual.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rathcoombe.net/sci-tech/ballistics/wounding.html |title=Terminal Ballistics |publisher=Rathcoombe.net |access-date=2010-06-07 |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624031342/https://rathcoombe.net/sci-tech/ballistics/wounding.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The FBI recommends that loads intended for self-defense and law enforcement applications meet a minimum penetration requirement of {{convert|12|in|mm}} in ballistic gelatin and explicitly advises against selecting rounds based on hydrostatic shock effects.<ref name="fn_(50)" />