Editing Human skin color (section)

===== SLC24A5 =====
[[SLC24A5|Solute carrier family 24 member 5]] (SLC24A5) regulates calcium in melanocytes and is important in the process of melanogenesis.<ref name="pmid18166528">{{cite journal |last1=Ginger |first1=R. S. |last2=Askew |first2=S. E. |last3=Ogborne |first3=R. M. |last4=Wilson |first4=S. |last5=Ferdinando |first5=D. |last6=Dadd |first6=T. |last7=Smith |first7=A. M. |last8=Kazi |first8=S. |last9=Szerencsei |first9=R. T. |last10=Winkfein |first10=R. J. |last11=Schnetkamp |first11=P. P. M. |last12=Green |first12=M. R. |title=SLC24A5 Encodes a trans-Golgi Network Protein with Potassium-dependent Sodium-Calcium Exchange Activity That Regulates Human Epidermal Melanogenesis |journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry |volume=283 |issue=9 |pages=5486–95 |year=2007 |pmid=18166528 |doi=10.1074/jbc.M707521200|doi-access=free }}</ref> The SLC24A5 gene's derived ''Ala111Thr'' allele (rs1426654<ref name="ncbi_rs14">{{Cite web |title=rs1426654 RefSNP Report |author= |work=ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |date= |access-date=15 February 2021 |url= https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/rs1426654 |quote=}}</ref>) has been shown to be a major factor in light skin pigmentation and is common in Western [[Eurasia]].<ref name=Valenzuela /> Recent studies have found that the variant represents as much as 25–40% of the average skin tone difference between Europeans and West Africans.<ref name=Norton2006 /><ref name="pmid16357253">{{cite journal |last1=Lamason |first1=R. L. |last2=Mohideen |first2=MA |last3=Mest |first3=JR |last4=Wong |first4=AC |last5=Norton |first5=HL |last6=Aros |first6=MC |last7=Jurynec |first7=MJ |last8=Mao |first8=X |last9=Humphreville |first9=VR |last10=Humbert |first10=J. E. |last11=Sinha |first11=S |last12=Moore |first12=J. L. |last13=Jagadeeswaran |first13=P |last14=Zhao |first14=W |last15=Ning |first15=G |last16=Makalowska |first16=I |last17=McKeigue |first17=P. M. |last18=O'Donnell |first18=D |last19=Kittles |first19=R |last20=Parra |first20=E. J. |last21=Mangini |first21=N. J. |last22=Grunwald |first22=D. J. |last23=Shriver |first23=M. D. |last24=Canfield |first24=V. A. |last25=Cheng |first25=K. C. |title=SLC24A5, a Putative Cation Exchanger, Affects Pigmentation in Zebrafish and Humans |journal=Science |volume=310 |issue=5755 |pages=1782–6 |year=2005 |pmid=16357253 |doi=10.1126/science.1116238 |bibcode=2005Sci...310.1782L |s2cid=2245002}}</ref> This derived allele is a reliable predictor of phenotype across a range of populations.<ref name=Lopez>{{cite journal |last1=López |first1=Saioa |title=The Interplay between Natural Selection and Susceptibility to Melanoma on Allele 374F of SLC45A2 Gene in a South European Population |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=9 |issue=8 |pages=e104367 |date=5 August 2014 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0104367 |pmid=25093503 |pmc=4122405 |bibcode=2014PLoSO...9j4367L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=Stokowski2007 /> It has been the subject of recent selection in Western Eurasia, and is fixed in European populations.<ref name=Belezal2012 /><ref name=Soejima2006>{{cite journal |last1=Soejima |first1=Mikiko |last2=Koda |first2=Yoshiro |title=Population differences of two coding SNPs in pigmentation-related genes SLC24A5 and SLC45A2 |journal=International Journal of Legal Medicine |volume=121 |issue=1 |pages=36–9 |year=2006 |pmid=16847698 |doi=10.1007/s00414-006-0112-z|s2cid=11192076 }}</ref><ref name=Khai2012>{{cite journal |title=Skin Color Variation in Orang Asli Tribes of Peninsular Malaysia |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=7 |issue=8 |pages=e42752 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0042752 |year=2012 |pmid=22912732 |pmc=3418284 |bibcode=2012PLoSO...742752A |last1=Ang |first1=K. C. |last2=Ngu |first2=M. S. |last3=Reid |first3=K. P. |last4=Teh |first4=M. S. |last5=Aida |first5=Z. S. |last6=Koh |first6=D. X. |last7=Berg |first7=A |last8=Oppenheimer |first8=S |last9=Salleh |first9=H |last10=Clyde |first10=M. M. |last11=Md-Zain |first11=B. M. |last12=Canfield |first12=V. A. |last13=Cheng |first13=K. C. |doi-access=free }}</ref>