Editing History of Russia (section)

===Time of Troubles===
{{Main|Time of Troubles}}
[[File:Lissner.jpg|thumb|The Poles surrender the [[Moscow Kremlin]] to [[Prince Pozharsky]] in 1612]]
The death of Ivan's childless son [[Feodor I of Russia|Feodor]] was followed by a period of civil wars and foreign intervention known as the [[Time of Troubles]] (1606–13).<ref name=Curtis2/> Extremely cold summers (1601–1603) wrecked crops,<ref>Borisenkov E, Pasetski V. "The thousand-year annals of the extreme meteorological phenomena", {{ISBN|5-244-00212-0}}, p. 190</ref> which led to the [[Russian famine of 1601–1603]] and increased the social disorganization. [[Boris Godunov]]'s reign ended in chaos, civil war combined with foreign intrusion, devastation of many cities and depopulation of the rural regions. The country rocked by internal chaos also attracted several waves of interventions by the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]].<ref>Solovyov. "History of Russia...", v.7, pp. 533–535, 543–568</ref>
During the [[Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)]], Polish–Lithuanian forces reached Moscow and installed the impostor [[False Dmitriy I]] in 1605, then supported [[False Dmitry II]] in 1607. The decisive moment came when a combined Russian-Swedish army was routed by the Polish forces under [[hetman]] [[Stanisław Żółkiewski]] at the [[Battle of Klushino]] on {{OldStyleDate|4 July|1610|24 June}}. As the result of the battle, the [[Seven Boyars]], a group of Russian nobles, deposed the tsar [[Vasily Shuysky]] on {{OldStyleDate|27 July|1610|17 July}}, and recognized the Polish prince [[Władysław IV Vasa]] as the Tsar of Russia on {{OldStyleDate|6 September|1610|27 August}}.<ref>[[Lev Gumilev]] (1992), ''Ot Rusi k Rossii. Ocherki e'tnicheskoj istorii'' [From Rus' to Russia], Moscow: Ekopros.</ref><ref>Michel Heller (1997), ''Histoire de la Russie et de son empire'' [A history of Russia and its empire], Paris: Plon.</ref> The [[Polish–Lithuanian occupation of Moscow|Poles occupied Moscow]] on {{OldStyleDate|21 September|1610|11 September}}. Moscow revolted but riots there were brutally suppressed and the city was set on fire.<ref name=Vern>[[George Vernadsky]], "A History of Russia", Volume 5, Yale University Press, (1969). [http://www.spsl.nsc.ru/history/vernad/vol5/vgv522.htm Russian translation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924105306/http://www.spsl.nsc.ru/history/vernad/vol5/vgv522.htm |date=24 September 2015 }}</ref><ref>Mikolaj Marchocki "Historia Wojny Moskiewskiej", ch. "Slaughter in the capital", [http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus8/Marchockij/pred.phtml?id=902 Russian translation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704181638/http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus8/Marchockij/pred.phtml?id=902 |date=4 July 2017 }}</ref><ref>Sergey Solovyov. History of Russia... Vol. 8, p. 847</ref>

The crisis provoked a patriotic national uprising against the [[invasion]], both in 1611 and 1612. A volunteer army, led by the merchant [[Kuzma Minin]] and prince [[Dmitry Pozharsky]], expelled the foreign forces from the capital on {{OldStyleDate|4 November|1612|22 October}}.<ref name=Dunning>Chester S L Dunning, ''Russia's First Civil War: The Time of Troubles and the Founding of the Romanov Dynasty'', [https://books.google.com/books?id=9NUYtSJaO8cC&pg=PA434 p. 434] Penn State Press, 2001, {{ISBN|0-271-02074-1}}</ref><ref name=ToT>[https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9073517 Troubles, Time of] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218201128/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9073517 |date=18 December 2007 }}." [[Encyclopædia Britannica]]. 2006</ref><ref>[http://www.bartleby.com/65/e-/E-Pozharsk.html Pozharski, Dmitri Mikhailovich, Prince] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211151400/http://www.bartleby.com/65/e-/E-Pozharsk.html |date=11 December 2008 }}", [[Columbia Encyclopedia]]</ref>

The Russian statehood survived the "Time of Troubles" and the rule of weak or corrupt Tsars because of the strength of the government's central bureaucracy. Government functionaries continued to serve, regardless of the ruler's legitimacy or the faction controlling the throne.<ref name=Curtis2/> However, the Time of Troubles caused the loss of much territory to the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] in [[Russo-Polish War (1605-1618)|the Russo-Polish war]], as well as to the [[Swedish Empire]] in the [[Ingrian War]].