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=== Revolutions of 1848 and formation of modern Romania === [[File:Peles-Castle-Sinaia-Romania.jpg|thumb|right|[[Peleș Castle]], retreat of Romanian monarchs]] In 1848, there was a [[Wallachian Revolution of 1848|revolution]] in Moldavia, Wallachia and Transylvania perpetrated by [[Tudor Vladimirescu]] and his [[Vladimirescu's Pandurs|Pandurs]] in the [[Wallachian uprising of 1821]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chalcraft |first1=John |title=Popular Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East |date=22 March 2016 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-00750-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JhW8CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA93 |language=en}}</ref>{{rp|93}} The goals of the revolutionaries were full independence for Moldavia and Wallachia, and national emancipation in Transylvania; these were not fulfilled but were the basis of the subsequent revolutions.<ref>{{Cite web |type=paper |last=Ivan |first=Cristi |title=Romanian history the DACIA |url=https://www.academia.edu/18513665}}</ref> The revolution in 1848 already carried the seeds of the national dream of a unified and united Romania,<ref name="Ivan T. Berend">[[Iván T. Berend]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=a9csmhIT_BQC&q=History+Derailed%3A+Central+and+Eastern+Europe+in+the+Long+Nineteenth+Century History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe in the Long Nineteenth Century], University of California Press, 2013, p. 112 and p. 252</ref> though the "idea of unification" had been known from earlier works of Naum Ramniceanu (1802) and [[Ion Budai-Deleanu]] (1804).<ref name="Juliana Geran Pilon">Juliana Geran Pilon,[[iarchive:bloodyflagpostco00pilo/page/56|<!-- quote="Greater Romania" concept. --> The Bloody Flag: Post-Communist Nationalism in Eastern Europe : Spotlight on Romania]], Transaction Publishers, 1982, p. 56</ref>
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