Editing History of Jordan (section)

=== Anazah Invasion and Bani Sakher wars ===
The end of the 17th century saw the Wuld Ali tribe of the [[Anizah|Anazah confederation]], led by their paramount sheikhs Al-Tayyar and Ibn Smeir, began migrating deeper northwards out of [[Khaybar]] and into the Jawf region, which the Sirhan now inhabited.<ref name=":1" /> The Anazeh intended on violent conquest and would siege the Sirhan in the Jawf, reportedly causing a mass starvation for the tribe. At the time the Bani Sakher the two halves of the Bani Sakher, headed by the [[Al-Fayez]] and the Khreisha, would regularly camp in the [[Beersheba]] and [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] districts respectively. A Bani Sakher tribesmen left the sieged area and informed the Sheikh Sulayman Al-Khreisha of the Bani Sakher who was camped in the Gaza, as I'dbeys Al-Fayez was involved with a conflict with the [[Emir]] of Beersheba at the time that led to the Emir's death. Al-Khreisha rode from Gaza to the Jawf, gathering the Bani Sakher forces on the way, and broke the Anazah siege on the Sirhan. However the Anazah kept pursuing the two tribes and led the tribes to flee to the northwards.<ref name=":1" /> This pushed the Bani Sakher, with their new allies the Sirhan, further north into Jordan and into Sardiya territory. The Bani Sakher and the Anazzah would however maintain political ties, especially in raiding such as the Hajj Caravan raids of 1700 and 1703.<ref>Van der Steen 2014, p. 177.</ref>

Around the year 1720, a ploy set up by Sheikh I'dbeys Al-Fayez and Sheikh Sulayman Al Khreisha of the Bani Sakher succeeded against the Mahfuz (chief) of the Sardiya. This event would see the Bani Sakher's number of horsemen rise greatly, and would permanently damage the prestige of the Sardiya.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Peake |first=Frederick |title=A history of Jordan and its Tribes |publisher=University of Miami Press |year=1958 |location=Miami, United States |publication-date=1958 |pages=216–217}}</ref> The Al-Fayez were soon bestowed as commanders of the Hajj Caravans as the most capable tribe in defending them.<ref name="Peters161">Peters 1994, p. 161.</ref> In one of the following years, the Anazah battled the Sardiya in Muyzarib, a village northeast of [[Irbid]], and would kill their Sheikh and end the Ahl Al Shamal Confederacy. After which the Bani Sakher, Sirhan, Sardiya, Al Issa, Al Fheili, and some minor tribes would take refuge in Palestine, while the tribes that remained agreed to a Khawa or a tax to be paid to their new Anazah overlords. Al Fheili would permanently settle in Palestinian cities as land tillers and gave up their Bedouin status. For the majority of the rest of the century, the Anazah would rule large swathes of modern-day eastern Jordan, from the Hauran to the Jawf, and occasionally the Balqa region and its surrounding regions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Peake |first=Frederick |title=A history of Jordan and its Tribes |publisher=University of Miami Press |year=1958 |location=Miami, United States |publication-date=1958 |pages=217–218}}</ref>

The Bani Sakher, having lost many of its lands in the east, would set their attention to their western lands in the Balqa and Al-Karak and would even get involved in Palestinian power struggles and politics for the rest of the 18th century. In 1730 they challenged Adwan dominance in the Balqa and were established enough in the Balqa to not pay to graze on Adwani lands.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Peake |first=Frederick |title=A history of Jordan and its Tribes |publisher=University of Miami Press |year=1958 |location=Miami, United States |publication-date=1958 |pages=170}}</ref> In the 1750s they extended their influence deeper into Al-Karak and imposed Khawa on many tribes of Al-Karak including the Tarawna, Dhmur, Atawna, Sarayra, Nawaysa, Maayta, Habashna, and the Christians of Al-Karak. Both of these expansions were under I'dbeys Al-Fayez's, which began a rivalry between the Bani Sakher and the Majali to their south and the Bani Sakher and the Adwan to their north.<ref name=":6"/>

In 1757, owing to a missed payment by the Ottomans to the Bani Sakher for their help in the siege of Tiberias and a drought in the previous year,<ref name="Joudah4041">Joudah 1987, pp. 40–41.</ref><ref>Hathaway and Barbir 2014, p. 89.</ref> Qa'dan, I'dbeys's brother and successor, attacked the advance guard of the Hajj caravan under the Ottoman command Musa Pasha in Al-Qatranah. Husayn Pasha had also been alerted of the advance guard's plunder and the relief guard's dispersal, and attempted to reach out to Sheikh Qa'dan. The Wali of Damascus Husayn Pasha sent representatives who offered Sheikh Qa'dan to negotiate for safe passage to Damascus but were refused.<ref name="Joudah40">Joudah 1987, p. 40.</ref> This led to the [[1757 Hajj caravan raid|Hajj Caravan Raid of 1757]] which had reverberating effects across the entire Ottoman Empire and greatly affected the Empire's prestige.<ref>Özyüksel 2014, p. 61.</ref><ref name="Burns245">Burns 2005, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=cYqCAgAAQBAJ&dq=1757+Hajj&pg=PA245 245].</ref>