Editing Hernia (section)

===Other hernias===
Since many organs or parts of organs can herniate through many orifices, it is very difficult to give an exhaustive list of hernias, with all synonyms and [[eponyms]]. The above article deals mostly with "visceral hernias", where the herniating tissue arises within the abdominal cavity. Other hernia types and unusual types of visceral hernias are listed below, in alphabetical order:
*[[Abdominal wall]] hernias:
**[[Umbilical hernia]]
**[[Epigastric hernia]]: a hernia through the [[Linea alba (abdomen)|linea alba]] above the [[Navel|umbilicus]].
**[[Spigelian hernia]], also known as spontaneous lateral ventral hernia
*[[Amyand's hernia]]: containing the appendix vermiformis within the hernia sac
*[[Brain herniation]], sometimes referred to as brain hernia, is a potentially deadly side effect of very high [[intracranial pressure]] that occurs when a part of the [[human brain|brain]] is squeezed across structures within the [[human skull|skull]].
*[[Broad ligament hernia]], of the uterus.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ozben V, Aliyeva Z, Barbur E, Guler I, Karahasanoglu T, Baca B | title = Laparoscopic management of incarcerated broad ligament hernia in a patient with bilateral parametrium defects - a video vignette | journal = Colorectal Disease | volume = 22 | issue = 9 | pages = 1197–1198 | date = September 2020 | pmid = 32180330 | doi = 10.1111/codi.15039 | s2cid = 212739555 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hiraiwa K, Morozumi K, Miyazaki H, Sotome K, Furukawa A, Nakamaru M | title = Strangulated hernia through a defect of the broad ligament and mobile cecum: a case report | journal = World Journal of Gastroenterology | volume = 12 | issue = 9 | pages = 1479–80 | date = March 2006 | pmid = 16552826 | pmc = 4124335 | doi = 10.3748/wjg.v12.i9.1479 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
*[[Double indirect hernia]]: an indirect inguinal hernia with two hernia sacs, without a concomitant direct hernia component (as seen in a pantaloon hernia).<ref name="JPSCR13" />
*[[Hiatus hernia]]: a hernia due to "short oesophagus" — insufficient elongation — stomach is displaced into the thorax
*[[Littre Hernia|Littre's hernia]]: a hernia involving a [[Meckel's diverticulum]]. It is named after the French anatomist [[Alexis Littré]] (1658–1726).
*[[Lumbar]] hernia: a hernia in the lumbar region (not to be confused with a [[Spinal disc herniation|lumbar disc hernia]]), contains the following entities:
**[[Petit's hernia]]: a hernia through Petit's triangle (inferior lumbar triangle). It is named after French surgeon  [[Jean Louis Petit]] (1674–1750).
**[[Grynfeltt's hernia]]: a hernia through Grynfeltt-Lesshaft triangle (superior lumbar triangle). It is named after physician Joseph Grynfeltt (1840–1913).
*[[Maydl's hernia]]: two adjacent loops of small intestine are within a hernial sac with a tight neck. The intervening portion of bowel within the abdomen is deprived of its blood supply and eventually becomes necrotic.
*[[Obturator hernia]]: hernia through [[obturator canal]]
[[File:Colostomy and parastomal hernia.JPG|thumb|Patient with a [[colostomy]] complicated by a large parastomal hernia.]]
*Parastomal hernias, which is when tissue protrudes adjacent to a [[stoma (medicine)|stoma]] tract.
*[[Paraumbilical hernia]]: a type of umbilical hernia occurring in adults
*[[Perineal hernia]]: a perineal hernia protrudes through the muscles and fascia of the perineal floor. It may be primary but usually is acquired following perineal prostatectomy, abdominoperineal resection of the rectum, or pelvic exenteration.
*Properitoneal hernia: rare hernia located directly above the [[peritoneum]], for example, when part of inguinal hernia projects from the [[deep inguinal ring]] to the preperitoneal space.
*[[Retrocolic hernia]]: entrapment of portions of the small intestine behind the [[mesocolon]].
*[[Richter's hernia]]: a hernia involving only one sidewall of the bowel, which can result in bowel strangulation leading to perforation through ischaemia without causing [[bowel obstruction]] or any of its warning signs. It is named after German surgeon [[August Gottlieb Richter]] (1742–1812).
*[[Sliding hernia]]: occurs when an organ drags along part of the peritoneum, or, in other words, the organ is part of the hernia sac. The [[Colon (anatomy)|colon]] and the [[urinary bladder]] are often involved. The term also frequently refers to [[sliding hernias of the stomach]].
*Sciatic hernia: this hernia in the [[greater sciatic foramen]] most commonly presents as an uncomfortable mass in the gluteal area. Bowel obstruction may also occur. This type of hernia is only a rare cause of [[sciatic]] neuralgia.
*[[Sports hernia]]: a hernia characterized by chronic groin pain in athletes and a dilated [[superficial inguinal ring]].
*[[Tibialis anterior hernia]]: can present as a bulge in the shins. Pain on rest, walking, or during exercise may occur. The bulge can typically not be present unless pressure or flexing of the leg occurs.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nguyen JT, Nguyen JL, Wheatley MJ, Nguyen TA | title = Muscle hernias of the leg: A case report and comprehensive review of the literature | journal = The Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery | volume = 21 | issue = 4 | pages = 243–7 | date = 2013 | pmid = 24497767 | pmc = 3910527 | doi = 10.1177/229255031302100408 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Masoumi A, Ramogida G | title = Tibialis anterior herniation - a rare clinical entity: a case report and review of the literature | journal = The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association | volume = 64 | issue = 1 | pages = 88–91 | date = April 2020 | pmid = 32476672 | pmc = 7250514 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sharma N, Kumar N, Verma R, Jhobta A | title = Tibialis Anterior Muscle Hernia: A Case of Chronic, Dull Pain and Swelling in Leg Diagnosed by Dynamic Ultrasonography | journal = Polish Journal of Radiology | volume = 82 | pages = 293–295 | date = 2017-05-31 | pmid = 28638493 | pmc = 5462483 | doi = 10.12659/PJR.900846 }}</ref>
*[[Velpeau hernia]]: a hernia in the groin in front of the femoral blood vessels