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== In Jainism == {{Jainism}} ''Guru'' is the spiritual [[preceptor]] in [[Jainism]], and typically a role served by [[Jain monasticism|Jain ascetics]].<ref name="Jeffery D Long 2009 pages 110, 196"/><ref name=patridge252>Christopher Partridge (2013), ''Introduction to World Religions'', Augsburg Fortress, {{ISBN|978-0800699703}}, page 252</ref> The ''guru'' is one of three fundamental ''tattva'' (categories), the other two being ''dharma'' (teachings) and ''deva'' ([[God in Jainism|divinity]]).<ref name=johncort/> The ''guru-tattva'' is what leads a lay person to the other two ''tattva''.<ref name="johncort">John Cort (2011), ''Jains in the World : Religious Values and Ideology in India'', Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0199796649}}, page 100</ref> In some communities of the [[Śvētāmbara]] sect of Jainism, a traditional system of ''guru-disciple'' lineage exists.<ref>Peter Fl Gel and Peter Flügel (2006), ''Studies in Jaina History and Culture'', Routledge, {{ISBN|978-1134235520}}, pages 249-250</ref> The ''guru'' is revered in Jainism [[Jain rituals and festivals#Rituals|ritually]] with ''Guru-vandan'' or ''Guru-upashti'', where respect and offerings are made to the ''guru'', and the ''guru'' sprinkles a small amount of ''vaskep'' (a scented powder mixture of sandalwood, saffron, and camphor) on the devotee's head with a mantra or blessings.<ref>John Cort (2011), ''Jains in the World : Religious Values and Ideology in India'', Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0199796649}}, pages 111-115</ref>
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