Editing Groote Eylandt (section)

=== European Colonisation ===

==== Church Mission Society ====
The first European settlement on the island was a Christian mission established by the [[Church Missionary Society]] at Emerald River in 1921. In 1943, after a cyclone swept through the mission, CMS decided to move the settlement south of the Angurugu River. The local Anindilyakwa people called the chosen location "Mungwardinamanja". However, as it was difficult for the European missionaries to pronounce, the local Anindilyakwa men guiding them chose the name of the Angurugu River mouth "Angurrkwa", which was later Anglicised to Angurugu.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rademaker|first=Laura|title=Language and Australian Aboriginal History; Anindilyakwa and English on Groote Eylandt|url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/63281/8/01_Rademaker_Language_and_Australian_2014.pdf|journal=Australian National University|pages=6}}</ref>

==== Umbakumba ====
Mr Fred H. Gray, a [[pearl]] and trepang trader, established the Umbakumba Native Settlement on an old Macassan trading post in 1938. The place-name itself ''Umbakumba'' comes from the Malay word ''ombak-ombak'', which means ‘lapping of waves’. He used the settlement as a base for [[trepanging]] and employed many of the Aboriginal locals during the 20s and 30s.