Editing Giants (Greek mythology) (section)

====Fifth century BC====
The theme continued to be popular in the fifth century BC. A particularly fine example is found on a [[red-figure]] cup (c. 490&ndash;485 BC) by the [[Brygos Painter]] (Berlin F2293). On one side of the cup is the same central group of gods (minus Gaia) as described above: Zeus wielding his thunderbolt, stepping into a quadriga, Heracles with lion skin (behind the chariot rather than on it) drawing his (unseen) bow and, ahead, Athena thrusting her spear into a fallen Giant. On the other side are Hephaestus flinging flaming missiles of red-hot metal from two pairs of tongs, Poseidon, with Nisyros on his shoulder, stabbing a fallen Giant with his trident and Hermes with his ''petasos'' hanging in back of his head, attacking another fallen Giant. None of the Giants are named.<ref>Arafat, pp 12&ndash;15; Cohen, [https://books.google.com/books?id=YyufPUA_S74C&pg=PA177 pp. 177&ndash;178]; Gantz p. 452; Beazley Archive [http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/FF922369-A326-4645-870F-1DEBDFEB9D0C 203909]; ''LIMC'' [http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-74476cdb1abcc-3 11564 (Gigantes 303)].</ref>

[[Phidias]] used the theme for the [[Metopes of the Parthenon|metopes]] of the east façade of the [[Parthenon]] (c. 445 BC) and for the interior of the shield of [[Athena Parthenos]].<ref>For the Parthenon Gigantomachy metopes see Schwab, [https://books.google.com/books?id=5TADtR0uRhkC&pg=PA168 pp. 168&ndash;173], for the statue of Athena see Lapatin, [https://books.google.com/books?id=5TADtR0uRhkC&pg=PA262 pp. 262&ndash;263], for both see Kleiner, [https://books.google.com/books?id=sgiuAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA136 pp. 136&mdash;137].</ref> Phidias' work perhaps marks the beginning of a change in the way the Giants are presented. While previously the Giants had been portrayed as typical [[hoplite]] warriors armed with the usual helmets, shields, spears and swords, in the fifth century the Giants begin to be depicted as less handsome in appearance, primitive and wild, clothed in animal skins or naked, often without armor and using boulders as weapons.<ref>Dwyer, [https://books.google.com/books?id=rMeJDwmr_hcC&pg=PA295 p. 295]; Gantz, pp. 446, 447, 452&ndash;453; Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA90 p. 90]. For an example of a particularly "handsome" Giant see Schefold, [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2DA_Aze7F0C&pg=PA67 p. 67]: [[British Museum]] E 8 (Beazley Archive [http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/8F58F440-D701-45DF-9D42-9F05021E88A4 302261], ''LIMC'' [http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-7448118d5af6d-3 11609 (Gigantes 365)], [https://www.iconiclimc.ch/limc/imageview.php?image=2e018e3fb44d467d8bad00cf62b3d940&total=2&term=%22Gigantes+365%22 image 1 of 2]), for Giants with animal skins fighting with boulders see a [[calyx krater]] from Ruvo, c. 400: Naples 81521 (Beazley Archive [http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/DD4BCEF5-28C4-42CF-9DAD-E464C47D5011 217517], ''LIMC'' [http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-74390ea38056b-b 10553 (Gigantes 316)], [https://www.iconiclimc.ch/limc/imageview.php?image=28fcc6f4a1b04dd7af7b64c777433923&total=5&term=%22Gigantes+316%22 image 2 of 5].</ref> A series of red-figure pots from c. 400 BC, which may have used Phidas' shield of Athena Parthenos as their model, show the Olympians fighting from above and the Giants fighting with large stones from below.<ref>Robertson, Martin, [https://books.google.com/books?id=BoUsvD1_VNQC&pg=PA106 pp. 106&ndash;107]; Dwyer, [https://books.google.com/books?id=rMeJDwmr_hcC&pg=PA295 p. 295]; Cook, [https://archive.org/stream/zeusstudyinancie03cook#page/n101/mode/2up p. 56]; Arafat, p. 25; Louvre [http://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/attic-red-figure-neck-amphora MNB810] (Beazley Archive [http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/recordDetails.asp?id=1EFF3531-45A0-4643-8823-26F3DB9C0692 217568], ''LIMC'' [http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-7446fb65ff8f1-f  11533 (Gigantes 322)]; Naples 81521 (Beazley Archive [http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/DD4BCEF5-28C4-42CF-9DAD-E464C47D5011 217517], ''LIMC'' [http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-74390ea38056b-b 10553 (Gigantes 316)]).</ref>