Editing Gabriel (section)

====Feast day====
The feast day of Saint Gabriel the Archangel was exclusively celebrated on 18 March according to many sources dating between 1588 and 1921; unusually, a source published in 1856<ref>{{cite web|title=The Catholic Directory, Ecclasiastical Register, and Almanac|year = 1856|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XG42AAAAMAAJ&q=18th+of+march+archangel+gabriel+day&pg=PA9|access-date=29 April 2017}}</ref> has the feast celebrated on 7 April for unknown reasons (a parenthetical note states that the day is normally celebrated on 18 March). Writer [[Elizabeth Drayson]] mentions the feast being celebrated on 18 March 1588 in her 2013 book "The Lead Books of Granada".<ref>{{cite book |last=Drayson |first=Elizabeth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LwRfCwAAQBAJ&q=archangel+gabriel+18+march&pg=PA3 |title=The Lead Books of Granada |date=13 January 2016 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-1137358844 |edition=2013 |page=3}}</ref>

One of the oldest out-of-print sources placing the feast on 18 March, first published in 1608, is ''Flos sanctorum: historia general de la vida y hechos de Jesu-Christo ... y de los santos de que reza y haze fiesta la Iglesia Catholica ...'' by the [[Spain|Spanish]] writer [[Alonso de Villegas]]; a newer edition of this book was published in 1794.<ref>{{cite book |last=de Villegas |first=Alonso |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D-MIM9Quh_sC&q=el+arc%C3%A1ngel+del+bautismo+gabriel+18+marzo&pg=PA250 |title=Flos sanctorum: historia general de la vida y hechos de Jesu-Christo ... |date=1794 |publisher=Imprenta de Isidro Aguasvivas |location=Spain |page=250 |language=es}}</ref> Another source published in Ireland in 1886 the ''[[Irish Ecclesiastical Record]]'' also mentions 18 March.<ref>{{cite book |date=1886 |title=The Irish Ecclesiastical Record |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qKM9AAAAYAAJ&q=archangel+gabriel+18th+of+march+commemoration&pg=PA1112 |publisher=Browne and Nolan, 1886 |page=1112 }}</ref>

The feast of Saint Gabriel was included by [[Pope Benedict XV]] in the [[General Roman Calendar]] in 1921, for celebration on 24 March.<ref>''Butler's Lives of the saints'', vol. 1, edited by [[Herbert Thurston]] and [[Donald Attwater]], Christian Classics, 1981 {{ISBN|9780870610455}}.</ref> In 1969, the day was officially transferred to 29 September for celebration in conjunction with the feast of the archangels Ss. Michael and Raphael.<ref>''Calendarium Romanum'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p. 119.</ref> The [[Church of England]] has also adopted the 29 September date, known as [[Michaelmas]].

The [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] and those [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] that follow the [[Byzantine Rite]] celebrate his [[feast day]] ([[Synaxis of the Archangel Michael and the Other Bodiless Powers]]) on 8 November (for those churches that follow the traditional [[Julian Calendar]], 8 November currently falls on 21 November of the modern [[Gregorian Calendar]], a difference of 13 days). Eastern Orthodox commemorate him, not only on his November feast, but also on two other days:

* 26 March is the "[[Synaxis]] of the Archangel Gabriel" and celebrates his role in the [[Annunciation]] (eavetaking of the Annunciation)
* 13 July is also known as the "Synaxis of the Archangel Gabriel" and celebrates all the appearances and miracles attributed to Gabriel throughout history. The feast was first established on [[Mount Athos]] when, in the 9th century, during the reign of [[Byzantine Emperor|Emperor]] [[Basil II]] and Empress Constantina Porphyrogenitus and while [[Nicholas II Chrysoberges|Nicholas Chrysoverges]] was [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]], the Archangel appeared in a cell<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.keliaxionestin.com/eng/?page_id=760|title=Ιερό Κελλί "Άξιον Εστί"|access-date=18 January 2015|archive-date=16 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116101352/http://www.keliaxionestin.com/eng/?page_id=760|url-status=dead}}</ref> near [[Karyes]], where he wrote with his finger on a stone tablet the hymn to the [[Theotokos]], "[[Axion Estin|It is truly meet ...]]".<ref>{{Cite book | last =Velimirovic | first =Bishop Nikolai | contribution =13 July: The Holy Archangel Gabriel | year =1985 | title =Prologue from Ochrid | place =Birmingham, UK | publisher =Lazarica Press | isbn =978-0-948298-05-9 | url =http://www.westsrbdio.org/prolog/my.html?month=July&day=13&Go.x=6&Go.y=12 | access-date =31 July 2007 | url-status=dead | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070928014848/http://www.westsrbdio.org/prolog/my.html?month=July&day=13&Go.x=6&Go.y=12 | archive-date =28 September 2007 }}</ref>

Saint Gabriel the Archangel is [[Calendar of saints|commemorated]] on the [[Vigil (liturgy)|vigil]] of the Feast of the Annunciation by [[Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2012 |title=Calendar |url=http://www.stgregoryoc.org/calendar/ |access-date=9 July 2022 |website=St. Gregory the Great Orthodox Church |language=en-US}}</ref> and [[ROCOR]] [[Western Rite Orthodoxy|Western Rite]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ROCOR Western Rite (Home) |url=https://www.rocor-wr.org/ |access-date=9 July 2022 |website=rocorwr |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Coptic Orthodox Church]] celebrates his feast on 13 [[Paoni]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://st-takla.org/Full-Free-Coptic-Books/Synaxarium-or-Synaxarion/Saints-Feasts/10-Bawoonah/13-Bawoonah-1-Gabriel-Angel.html|title=تذكار رئيس الملائكة الجليل جبرائيل "غبريال" - عيد سنكسار يوم 13 بؤونة، شهر بؤونة، الشهر القبطي |website=st-takla.org}}</ref> 22 [[Koiak]], and 26 [[Paoni]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Alex |first=Michael Ghaly |title=رئيس الملائكة الجليل جبرائيل - كتاب الملائكة |url=https://st-takla.org/Full-Free-Coptic-Books/FreeCopticBooks-014-Various-Authors/001-Al-Mala2ka/The-Angels__37-Archangel-Gabriel.html |website=st-takla.org}}</ref>  One medieval Coptic work, the ''[[Investiture of the Archangel Gabriel]]'', attributes the feast day of 22 Koiak to the day he was given the rank of archangel in heaven.<ref name="jenott">{{cite book |last=Jenott |first=Lance |chapter=The Investiture of the Archangel Gabriel: A New Translation and Introduction |title=New Testament Apocrypha: More Noncanonical Scriptures |volume=2 |editor-last1=Burke |editor-first1=Tony |publisher=[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company|Eerdmans]] |date=2020 |isbn=978-0-8028-7290-6 |pages=559–575}}</ref>

The [[Ethiopian Church]] celebrates his feast on 18 December (in the Ethiopian calendar), with a sizeable number of its believers making a pilgrimage to a church dedicated to "Saint Gabriel" in [[Kulubi]] and Wonkshet on that day.<ref>Nega Mezlekia, ''Notes from the Hyena's Belly: An Ethiopian Childhood'' (New York: Picador, 2000), p. 266. {{ISBN|0-312-28914-6}}.</ref>

In the [[Lutheran Church]]es, Gabriel is celebrated on the Feast of the Archangels on 29 September.<ref name="Blersch2019"/>

Additionally, Gabriel is the [[patron saint]] of messengers, those who work for broadcasting and telecommunications such as radio and television, postal workers, clerics, diplomats, and stamp collectors.<ref name="Guiley2004p140">{{cite book |last1=Guiley |first1=Rosemary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=15XABtvHcEsC |title=Encyclopedia of Angels |publisher=Facts on File, Incorporated |year=2004 |isbn=9780816050239 |edition=2nd |location=New York, New York |page=140 |oclc=718132289 |quote="He is the patron saint to telecommunication workers, radio broadcasters, messengers, postal workers, clerics, diplomats, and stamp collectors." |access-date=15 November 2013}}</ref>